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Rückbau und Entsorgung in der deutschen Atomwirtschaft: öffentlich-rechtlicher Atomfonds erforderlich

Author

Listed:
  • Christian von Hirschhausen
  • Clemens Gerbaulet
  • Claudia Kemfert
  • Felix Reitz
  • Dorothea Schäfer
  • Cornelia Ziehm

Abstract

At present, the question how to finance the decommissioning of nuclear plants and the management of radioactive waste, and how to structure the next steps of the German nuclear phase-out is in the center of the current debate. There is a threat that nuclear power plant operators could partially abdicate their financial responsibility in the long term. Previous experiences have shown that decommissioning nuclear plants and managing radioactive waste often involves substantial delays and cost increases. So far, a permanent repository for highly radioactive waste is still missing. At the same time, the capacity of the repository Konrad for low and medium level radioactive waste, which is currently being built, is too low for all the waste expected. In order to secure the financing of plant decommissioning and radioactive waste management in the long term, several concepts are being discussed, among them intra-corporate funds, a public fund, as well as hybrid solutions of these approaches.Because of the existing interdependencies between plant decommissioning and waste management and a very long time horizon, the establishment of a public fund appears to be most suitable in order to secure long-term financing, to adhere to the “polluter-pays principle”, and to mitigate the financial risks of the society. The German government should thus establish a single public fund which secures the financing of both plant decommissioning and radioactive waste management. The payments to the fund should be spread over time in order to help the companies to adapt. Fragen der Finanzierung des Rückbaus von Atomkraftwerken und der Entsorgung radioaktiver Abfälle stehen im Mittelpunkt der gegenwärtigen Diskussion um die weitere Ausgestaltung des Atomausstiegs. Es besteht die Gefahr, dass sich die Atomkraftwerksbetreiber ihrer finanziellen Verantwortung langfristig zumindest teilweise entziehen. Die bisherigen Erfahrungen zeigen, dass es beim Rückbau von Atomkraftwerken und bei der Entsorgung radioaktiver Abfälle oft zu erheblichen Verzögerungen sowie Kostensteigerungen kommt. Bisher fehlt nach wie vor ein Endlager für hochradioaktive Abfälle, während beim derzeit im Bau befindlichen Endlager Konrad für schwach- bis mittelradioaktive Abfälle die genehmigten Kapazitäten absehbar zu knapp bemessen sind. Zur langfristigen Sicherung der Finanzierung des Kraftwerksrückbaus und der Entsorgung radioaktiver Abfälle werden derzeit die Bildung von unternehmensinternen Fonds, die Schaffung eines öffentlich-rechtlichen Fonds sowie Mischformen dieser Konzepte diskutiert. Aufgrund der Interdependenzen zwischen Rückbau und Entsorgung sowie des langen abzudeckenden Zeitraums erscheint die Einrichtung eines öffentlich-rechtlichen Fonds am besten geeignet, um die Finanzierung dauerhaft zu sichern, das Verursacherprinzip zu wahren und die finanziellen Risiken für die Gesellschaft zu mindern. Die Bundesregierung sollte deshalb einen öffentlich-rechtlichen Fonds einrichten, der sowohl der Finanzierung des Rückbaus der Atomkraftwerke als auch der Entsorgung radioaktiver Abfälle dient. Die Zuführung der notwendigen Mittel zum Fonds sollte zeitlich gestreckt werden, um den Unternehmen die Anpassung zu erleichtern.

Suggested Citation

  • Christian von Hirschhausen & Clemens Gerbaulet & Claudia Kemfert & Felix Reitz & Dorothea Schäfer & Cornelia Ziehm, 2015. "Rückbau und Entsorgung in der deutschen Atomwirtschaft: öffentlich-rechtlicher Atomfonds erforderlich," DIW Wochenbericht, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 82(45), pages 1072-1082.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwwob:82-45-3
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    Cited by:

    1. Scherwath, Tim & Wealer, Ben & Mendelevitch, Roman, 2020. "Nuclear decommissioning after the German Nuclear Phase-Out an integrated view on new regulations and nuclear logistics," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Nuclear energy; electricity; waste disposal;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • L95 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities - - - Gas Utilities; Pipelines; Water Utilities
    • L51 - Industrial Organization - - Regulation and Industrial Policy - - - Economics of Regulation
    • L14 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Transactional Relationships; Contracts and Reputation

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