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Energie- und Klimapolitik: Europa ist nicht allein

Author

Listed:
  • Karsten Neuhoff
  • William Acworth
  • Antoine Dechezleprêtre
  • Oliver Sartor
  • Misato Sato
  • Anne Schopp

Abstract

To date, the European Union has been at the forefront of international climate protection. But there are now a number of other countries also pursuing a proactive energy and climate policy. They are increasingly investing in renewable energies, exploiting potential energy efficiencies in industry, buildings and transportation, and contributing to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions through carbon prices. If Europe remains at the forefront of these developments, this would enable it not only to retain its credibility on global climate protection but also to improve the security of its energy supply, increase investments and innovations in growth industries thereby creating new employment opportunities. An ambitious energy and climate policy does not come at the expense of the competitiveness of the European economy. The proportion of energy costs is low in many parts of industry: For 92 percent of value added in the industrial sector, the ratio of energy costs to turnover is an average of 1.6 percent. Only in very few sectors are energy costs a factor in location decisions. For these sectors, there are exemption regulations so that climate programs do not cause a distortion of competition. Instead, the Global Competitiveness Index of the World Economic Forum highlights the importance of an innovative environment. Germany and some other European countries are among the leaders with respect to green patents. The future implementation of the energy transition and the design of the 2030 targets will determine if Europe stays among the leaders. Die europäische Union gehört bisher zu den Vorreitern beim Klimaschutz. Ein internationaler Vergleich zeigt, dass es mittlerweile eine Reihe von weiteren Ländern gibt, die ebenfalls eine aktive Energie- und Klimapolitik verfolgen. Sie investieren zunehmend in erneuerbare Energien, erschließen Energieeffizienzpotentiale in Industrie, Gebäuden und Verkehr und unterstützen die Reduzierung von Treibhausgasemissionen durch Kohlenstoffpreise. Wenn Europa weiterhin Teil dieser Vorreitergruppe bleibt, kann es nicht nur seine Glaubwürdigkeit im globalen Klimaschutz bewahren, sondern auch seine Energieversorgungsicherheit erhöhen und Investitionen und Innovationen in Wachstumsbranchen steigern und neue Beschäftigungsmöglichkeiten schaffen. Eine ambitionierte Energie- und Klimapolitik geht nicht zulasten der Wettbewerbsfähigkeit der europäischen Wirtschaft. In weiten Teilen der Industrie sind die Energiekostenanteile gering: Für 92 Prozent der Wertschöpfung im Industriebereich betragen sie im Durchschnitt 1,6 Prozent des Umsatzes. Nur in sehr wenigen Branchen können Energiekosten für Standortentscheidungen relevant sein. Hier gibt es spezifische Ausnahmenregelungen, damit Klimaprogramme nicht zu Wettbewerbsverzerrungen führen. Im globalen Wettbewerbsindikator des World Economic Forums wird stattdessen dem innovativen Umfeld ein großes Gewicht beigemessen. Deutschland und einige andere europäische Länder sind unter den Vorreitern bei Patenten für grüne Technologien. Die weitere Umsetzung der Energiewende und die Gestaltung der Ziele für 2030 sind entscheidend dafür, ob Europa bei den Vorreitern bleibt.

Suggested Citation

  • Karsten Neuhoff & William Acworth & Antoine Dechezleprêtre & Oliver Sartor & Misato Sato & Anne Schopp, 2014. "Energie- und Klimapolitik: Europa ist nicht allein," DIW Wochenbericht, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 81(6), pages 91-108.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwwob:81-6-1
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    Cited by:

    1. Andrius Zuoza & Vaida Pilinkienė, 2021. "Energy Efficiency and Carbon Emission Impact on Competitiveness in the European Energy Intensive Industries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-16, August.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Energy security; innovation; investment; energy prices; climate policy;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D92 - Microeconomics - - Micro-Based Behavioral Economics - - - Intertemporal Firm Choice, Investment, Capacity, and Financing
    • H23 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
    • O3 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights

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