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Stark steigende Immobilienpreise in Deutschland: aber keine gesamtwirtschaftlich riskante Spekulationsblase

Author

Listed:
  • Konstantin A. Kholodilin
  • Claus Michelsen
  • Dirk Ulbricht

Abstract

Speculative house price increases potentially mean major real and financial risks and have increasingly been the subject of current public debate in Germany. Recent events in countries such as the US or Spain have demonstrated the negative impact that the bursting of speculative price bubbles can have on national economies. However, the signs of speculative property price bubbles are difficult to detect at national level because the aggregate data conceal opposing developments on regional real estate markets. The present DIW study analyzes a dataset comprising housing rent and price time series in 127 German cities compiled by the independent consulting company bulwiengesa AG. These data allow a detailed analysis of property prices by region and consequently make it possible to identify speculative price increases at an early stage. Explosive growth in prices has been observed in many German cities, which could be an indication of a property price bubble. However, in the majority of cases, the price increases were triggered by rises in residential rents and therefore, for the most part, are not a result of speculative influences. On the whole, also compared to other developed economies, the real estate market in Germany is structurally sound. For example, the share of housing loans with a long-term interest rate fixation tends to be very large and there are no unusual developments in lending practices. Consequently, political intervention is unnecessary at this stage, although a close eye should be kept on regional developments. Spekulative Immobilienpreisentwicklungen bergen erhebliche real- und finanzwirtschaftliche Risiken und waren zuletzt verstärkt Gegenstand öffentlicher Debatten. Jüngste Erfahrungen aus anderen Ländern wie den USA oder Spanien haben gezeigt, welche negativen Konsequenzen mit dem Platzen spekulativer Preisblasen für Volkswirtschaften einhergehen können. Allerdings lassen sich die Anzeichen spekulativer Immobilienpreisblasen auf nationaler Ebene nur schwer erkennen, da die Aggregatbetrachtung gegenläufige Entwicklungen regionaler Wohnungsmärkte verschleiert. Die Studie des DIW Berlin analysiert einen Datensatz der bulwiengesa AG von Miet- und Kaufpreisdatenreihen für den Wohnimmobilienmarkt in 127 Städten. Diese Daten ermöglichen eine regional differenzierte Untersuchung von Immobilienpreisen und erlauben damit die frühzeitige Identifikation spekulativer Preisentwicklungen. In vielen Städten Deutschlands sind explosionsartige Preissteigerungen zu beobachten, die Anzeichen für eine Immobilienpreisblase sein könnten. Allerdings sind die Preisanstiege in den meisten Fällen nicht von der Entwicklung der Wohnungsmieten losgelöst und demnach nicht in erheblichem Maße auf spekulative Einflüsse zurückzuführen. Gleichwohl zeigen sich in mittlerweile rund einem Drittel der untersuchten Städte Anzeichen für spekulative Preisblasen. Allerdings beschränken sich diese weitgehend auf das relativ kleine Neubausegment. Die Struktur des Immobilienmarktes in Deutschland ist, auch im Vergleich zu anderen entwickelten Volkswirtschaften, nach wie vor insgesamt gesund. So ist beispielsweise die Zinsbindung bei Immobilienkrediten im Durchschnitt recht lang und es gibt keine auffälligen Entwicklungen bei der Kreditvergabe. Zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt besteht daher noch keine Notwendigkeit politischer Interventionen, allerdings sollten die regionalen Entwicklungen beobachtet werden.

Suggested Citation

  • Konstantin A. Kholodilin & Claus Michelsen & Dirk Ulbricht, 2014. "Stark steigende Immobilienpreise in Deutschland: aber keine gesamtwirtschaftlich riskante Spekulationsblase," DIW Wochenbericht, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 81(47), pages 1231-1240.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwwob:81-47-3
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Bettina Isengard & Ronny König & Marc Szydlik, 2018. "Money or space? Intergenerational transfers in a comparative perspective," Housing Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 33(2), pages 178-200, February.
    2. Kürschner, Kathleen, 2017. "Immigration and Rental Prices of Residential Housing: Evidence from the Fall of the Berlin Wall," VfS Annual Conference 2017 (Vienna): Alternative Structures for Money and Banking 168092, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    3. Kathleen Kuerschner, 2016. "Immigration and Rental Prices of Residential Housing: Evidence from the Fall of the Berlin Wall," ERES eres2016_109, European Real Estate Society (ERES).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    house prices; speculative bubble; explosive root; German cities;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C21 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models
    • C23 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models
    • C53 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Forecasting and Prediction Models; Simulation Methods

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