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Wärmemonitor Deutschland 2013: gesunkener Heizenergiebedarf, gestiegene Kosten

Author

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  • Claus Michelsen
  • Karsten Neuhoff
  • Anne Schopp

Abstract

The heating market plays a key role in achieving the Federal Government’s energy and climate policy objectives. In particular, major savings need to be made in heating residential buildings if the majority of buildings are to be climate-neutral by 2050. In light of this, DIW Berlin and ista Deutschland GmbH have created an up-to-date data basis that is based on the heating energy bills of apartment blocks in Germany. Significant savings were achieved between 2003 and 2013. Demand for area-specific heating energy in Multifamily buildings throughout Germany fell by around 16 percent. Given developments in recent years and the continuing increases in floor space, however, the Federal Government’s medium-term and, in particular, long-term objectives require significantly greater savings. Nevertheless, decreasing energy demand does not necessarily lead to lower heating costs. The reason for this is largely a rise in oil prices which, on average, has actually overcompensated for energy savings. Given these circumstances, energy-efficiency upgrades to buildings not only provide insurance against soaring energy prices but are also an important long-term tool for maintaining real estate marketability. There are also differences in regional developments: while heating energy demand in the East German states is lower on average, savings in the West German states are more dynamic. Individual regions, for example, in southern Germany, have made substantial progress. The pattern of heating costs varies from region to region. Households in some parts of the East German states and in rural areas, where fuel oil is used more frequently, have higher energy costs. Der Wärmemarkt spielt eine zentrale Rolle für die Erreichung der energie- und klimapolitischen Ziele der Bundesregierung. Insbesondere bei der Raumwärme in Wohngebäuden müssen große Einsparerfolge erzielt werden, wenn bis 2050 ein weitgehend klimaneutraler Gebäudebestand erreicht werden soll. Vor diesem Hintergrund hat das DIW Berlin gemeinsam mit der ista Deutschland GmbH eine aktuelle Datengrundlage geschaffen, die auf Heizenergieabrechnungen von Mehrfamilienhäusern in Deutschland basiert. Zwischen 2003 und 2013 wurden deutliche Einsparungen realisiert. Deutschlandweit sank der flächenspezifische Heizenergiebedarf von Mehrfamilienhäusern um knapp 16 Prozent. In Anbetracht der Entwicklungen der letzten Jahre und der sich weiter vergrößernden Wohnfläche erfordern die Ziele der Bundesregierung mittel- und vor allem langfristig jedoch noch deutlich größere Einsparungen. Der gesunkene Energiebedarf spiegelt sich allerdings nicht in niedrigeren Heizkosten wider. Grund hierfür sind insbesondere deutlich gestiegene Heizölpreise, die die Einsparungserfolge im Durchschnitt sogar überkompensieren. Vor diesem Hintergrund stellen energetische Sanierungsmaßnahmen nicht nur eine Versicherung gegen steigende Energiepreise dar, sondern sind langfristig auch ein wichtiges Instrument, um die Marktfähigkeit einer Immobilie zu erhalten. Regional zeigen sich differenzierte Entwicklungen: Während in den neuen Bundesländern der Heizenergiebedarf im Durchschnitt niedriger ist, weisen die alten Ländern eine höhere Dynamik bei den Einsparungen auf. Einzelne Regionen, beispielsweise in Süddeutschland, haben besonders große Fortschritte erzielt. Bei den Heizkosten zeigt sich ein abweichendes regionales Muster. In Teilen der neuen Länder und in einigen ländlichen Regionen, in denen Heizöl eine relativ hohe Bedeutung hat, müssen Haushalte höhere Energiekosten tragen.

Suggested Citation

  • Claus Michelsen & Karsten Neuhoff & Anne Schopp, 2014. "Wärmemonitor Deutschland 2013: gesunkener Heizenergiebedarf, gestiegene Kosten," DIW Wochenbericht, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 81(41), pages 1015-1027.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwwob:81-41-1
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    Cited by:

    1. Kholodilin, Konstantin A & Mense, Andreas & Michelsen, Claus, 2017. "The market value of energy efficiency in buildings and the mode of tenure," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 54(14), pages 3218-3238.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Multi-family buildings; energy efficiency; residential heating demand; refurbishment;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • R31 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Real Estate Markets, Spatial Production Analysis, and Firm Location - - - Housing Supply and Markets
    • Q21 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Renewable Resources and Conservation - - - Demand and Supply; Prices
    • Q40 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - General

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