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Kohleverstromung gefährdet Klimaschutzziele: der Handlungsbedarf ist hoch

Author

Listed:
  • Pao-Yu Oei
  • Claudia Kemfert
  • Felix Reitz
  • Christian von Hirschhausen

Abstract

Coal-fired power stations are responsible for around a third of Germany’s carbon emissions. Failure to reduce the persistently high level of coal-fired power generation threatens Germany’s climate targets for 2020 and 2050 and undermines a sustainable energy transition. Calculations by DIW Berlin and other expert opinions prove that, in the long term, lignite, in particular, is no longer relevant for the German energy system. However, if there is no significant increase in the price of CO2 emission certificates in the near future, a market-driven transition from coal to less CO2-intensive energy sources, such as natural gas, is unlikely to occur. Presently, a number of options for reducing the level of power generated by coal are being dicussed. Along with the reform of the Emissions Trading System (ETS), proposals also include minimum energy efficiency levels or greater flexibility requirements, national minimum prices for CO2 emission certificates, capacity mechanisms, a residual emissions cap for coal-fired power stations, emissions performance standards, and network development planning that respects the climate targets. The proposals address both existing and planned coal power plants. Kohlekraftwerke verursachen etwa ein Drittel des Kohlendioxidausstoßes in Deutschland. Wird das weiterhin hohe Niveau der Kohleverstromung zukünftig nicht gesenkt, sind nicht nur die deutschen Klimaschutzziele für die Jahre 2020 und 2050 gefährdet, sondern auch die nachhaltige Energiewende. Berechnungen des DIW Berlin sowie andere Fachexpertisen belegen, dass speziell die Braunkohle auf längere Sicht für das deutsche Energiesystem nicht mehr systemrelevant ist. Sollten die Preise für CO2-Zertifikate im europäischen Emissionshandelssystem aber auf absehbare Zeit nicht erheblich steigen, ist ein marktgetriebener Übergang von Kohle zu weniger CO2-intensiven Energieträgern wie Erdgas nicht zu erwarten. Derzeit werden verschiedene Optionen diskutiert, die die Kohleverstromung verringern könnten. Dazu zählen neben der Reform des Emissionsrechtehandels auch Mindestwirkungsgrade oder Flexibilitätsanforderungen, nationale Mindestpreise für CO2-Zertifikate, Kapazitätsmechanismen, Restemissionsmengen für Kohlekraftwerke und CO2-Grenzwerte sowie die Anpassung des Netzentwicklungsplans. Solche Vorschläge beziehen sich sowohl auf den Neubau von Kraftwerken als auch auf den Betrieb bestehender Kohlekraftwerke.

Suggested Citation

  • Pao-Yu Oei & Claudia Kemfert & Felix Reitz & Christian von Hirschhausen, 2014. "Kohleverstromung gefährdet Klimaschutzziele: der Handlungsbedarf ist hoch," DIW Wochenbericht, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 81(26), pages 603-612.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwwob:81-26-1
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Energy transition; lignite; coal; policy instruments; ETS;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • Q48 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Government Policy
    • L71 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction - - - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
    • L94 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities - - - Electric Utilities
    • Q52 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Pollution Control Adoption and Costs; Distributional Effects; Employment Effects

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