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Zeitenwende bei Inflation und Zinsen

Author

Listed:
  • Markus Demary
  • Jonas Zdrzalek

Abstract

Supply shortages in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic and Russia’s war against Ukraine have contributed to a resurgence in inflation rates. We argue that the following six structural factors have strengthened. This is why inflation and also higher interest rates are not only temporary, but possible again in the medium term: de-globalization, decarbonization, demographic development, digitalization, government spending and monetary policy. Investments in transformation, higher defense spending and the reconstruction of Ukraine are central to this. These will increase demand for raw materials and labor, which is likely to lead to price reactions. At the same time, the high investment demand will contribute to higher real interest rates. It is possible that the European Central Bank (ECB) will have to slow economic activity or even initiate a recession in order to prevent a loss of confidence in its inflation targeting strategy by destabilizing inflation expectations. In the longer term, however, this environment of higher inflation and higher real interest rates could move key monetary policy rates away from the zero bound and lead to a normalization of monetary policy with a higher focus on preventing high inflation and less focus on preventing low inflation. Lieferengpässe im Zuge der Covid-19-Pandemie und der Krieg Russlands gegen die Ukraine haben dazu beigetragen, dass die Inflationsraten wieder angestiegen sind. Wir argumentieren, dass sich dadurch sechs strukturelle Faktoren verstärkt haben, warum die Inflation und auch höhere Zinsen nicht nur temporär, sondern mittelfristig wieder möglich sind: De-Globalisierung, Dekarbonisierung, demografische Entwicklung, Digitalisierung, Staatsausgaben und Geldpolitik. Die Investitionen in die Transformation, die höheren Rüstungsausgaben und der Wiederaufbau der Ukraine sind hierbei zentral. Denn diese erhöhen die Nachfrage nach Rohstoffen und Arbeitskräften, was Preis- und Lohnreaktionen nach sich ziehen dürfte. Gleichzeitig wird der hohe Investitionsbedarf zu höheren Realzinsen beitragen. Es ist möglich, dass die Europäische Zentralbank (EZB) die Wirtschaftstätigkeit verlangsamen oder sogar eine Rezession einleiten muss, um einen Vertrauensverlust in ihre Strategie der Inflationssteuerung durch eine Destabilisierung der Inflationserwartungen zu verhindern. Längerfristig könnte dieses Umfeld aus höherer Inflation und höheren Realzinsen aber die geldpolitischen Leitzinsen von der Nullzinsgrenze entfernen und zu einer Normalisierung der Geldpolitik führen, deren Schwerpunkt dann wieder auf der Verhinderung von hoher Inflation und weniger im Verhindern von Niedriginflation liegen wird.

Suggested Citation

  • Markus Demary & Jonas Zdrzalek, 2022. "Zeitenwende bei Inflation und Zinsen," Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung / Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 91(2), pages 13-24.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwvjh:91-2-3
    DOI: 10.3790/vjh.91.2.13
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    De-globalization; decarbonization; demography; digitalization; inflation; interest rates;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E31 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation
    • E43 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects
    • E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • E62 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Fiscal Policy; Modern Monetary Theory

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