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Immobilien und Ungleichheit

Author

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  • Charlotte Bartels
  • Lotte Maaßen

Abstract

Since the middle of the 20th century, the macroeconomic importance of real estate has been increasing in many countries. This also brings to attention the distribution of housing wealth and its impact on wealth and income inequality. We first look at the long-term development of real estate prices, home ownership rates and wealth concentration, addressing international as well as regional differences within Germany. In general, higher ownership rates are associated with lower levels of wealth inequality. In Germany, the recent increase in real estate prices has caused the gap between the upper and lower halves of the wealth distribution to widen. We then show, that the distribution of rental income and housing wealth can explain approximately one third of total income and wealth inequality. Finally, we address the distributional effects of prominent housing policy measures, which are mostly ambiguous and depend on the design of individual policy measures. Seit Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts nimmt die makroökonomische Bedeutung von Immobilienvermögen in vielen Ländern zu. Ins Blickfeld rückt damit auch die Verteilung des Immobilienvermögens und ihr Einfluss auf die Vermögens- und Einkommensungleichheit. In unserem Beitrag beleuchten wir zunächst die langfristige Entwicklung von Immobilienpreisen, Eigentümerquoten und Vermögenskonzentration und blicken dabei auf internationale sowie regionale Unterschiede innerhalb Deutschlands. Höhere Eigentümerquoten gehen dabei tendenziell mit einer gleichmäßigeren Vermögensverteilung einher. In Deutschland hat der Preisanstieg der letzten zehn Jahre dazu geführt, dass der Abstand zwischen der Immobilien besitzenden reicheren Hälfte der Bevölkerung und der ärmeren Hälfte zunimmt. Anschließend zeigen wir, dass das Immobilienvermögen und Mieteinkommen jeweils ca. ein Drittel der Vermögens- und Einkommensungleichheit ausmachen. Die Verteilungswirkungen staatlicher Wohnungspolitik sind meist ambivalent und hängen von der genauen Ausgestaltung der Politikmaßnahmen ab.

Suggested Citation

  • Charlotte Bartels & Lotte Maaßen, 2022. "Immobilien und Ungleichheit," Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung / Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 91(1), pages 41-54.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwvjh:91-1-4
    DOI: 10.3790/vjh.91.1.41
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    Keywords

    Real estate; wealth distribution;

    JEL classification:

    • R3 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Real Estate Markets, Spatial Production Analysis, and Firm Location
    • D31 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Personal Income and Wealth Distribution

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