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"Ex contingente necessarium …" (M. Luther) – Der ökonomische Kern moralphilosophischer Zinskritik

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  • Christian Hecker

Abstract

Revisiting historical criticism of usury and interest (e. g., by Aristotle, Thomas Aquinas, or Martin Luther) against the backdrop of recent findings leads to interesting results. Usually, this critique is based on three arguments: “sterility of money” (i.e. insufficient opportunities to invest money in productive business), asymmetric distribution of power or information between lenders and debtors, and inadequate treatment of risk. These arguments are connected to economic problems still relevant today, as the recent financial market crisis has proved. Regarding current challenges in the financial system, traditional criticism of usury refers to past experiences which nonetheless are often neglected in economic policy or pushed aside by financial innovations. It points up that interest payments in the long run are only feasible if capital is invested in productive activities. And, as investment decisions are always prone to errors, especially due to uncertainty, moral criticism of usury also illustrates the necessity to provide for resolving problems of over-indebtedness in a regular way, i.e. without giving rise to social or economic crises. Eine Betrachtung der moralphilosophisch begründeten Zins- und Wucherkritik früherer Jahrhunderte (bspw. von Aristoteles, Thomas von Aquin oder Martin Luther) aus heutiger Sicht bringt interessante Erkenntnisse zu Tage. So wird deutlich, dass die drei zentralen Kritikpunkte („Unfruchtbarkeit“/Unproduktivität der Geldanlage, Macht- bzw. Informationsasymmetrien zwischen Gläubigern und Schuldnern, unsachgemäßer Umgang mit geschäftsbezogenen Risiken) auch eine ökonomische Begründungsebene aufweisen. Nicht zuletzt die Krise ab 2008 hat gezeigt, dass viele dieser Kritikpunkte nach wie vor relevant sind. Aus aktueller Sicht verweisen die untersuchten Kritikansätze insbesondere darauf, dass Zinserträge – ungeachtet aller Innovationen im Finanzsektor – nur dann nachhaltig möglich sind, wenn mit dem verliehenen Geld wachstumsfördernde realwirtschaftliche Investitionen getätigt werden. Außerdem wird deutlich, wie wichtig Möglichkeiten zur geordneten Bewältigung von Überschuldungssituationen für den Fall von Fehlinvestitionen sind.

Suggested Citation

  • Christian Hecker, 2019. ""Ex contingente necessarium …" (M. Luther) – Der ökonomische Kern moralphilosophischer Zinskritik," Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung / Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 88(4), pages 23-38.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwvjh:88-4-3
    DOI: 10.3790/vjh.88.4.23
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    Keywords

    Usury; over-indebtedness; Aristotelianism; financial stability;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • B11 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - History of Economic Thought through 1925 - - - Preclassical (Ancient, Medieval, Mercantilist, Physiocratic)
    • B26 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - History of Economic Thought since 1925 - - - Financial Economics
    • G20 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - General
    • N20 - Economic History - - Financial Markets and Institutions - - - General, International, or Comparative

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