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Invalidität als Armutsrisiko - können private Berufsunfähigkeitsrenten die Versorgungslücken schließen?: Analyseergebnisse einer unabhängigen Testorganisation

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  • Barbara Sternberger-Frey

Abstract

Since the reform of statutory disability insurance in 2001, consumers are forced to take out additional private coverage to compensate the potential loss of income in case of permanent health impairment. With statutory disability insurance alone, the risk of poverty is not sufficiently covered. The idea of Legislature behind this course of action was to balance out the reduced benefits of the Federal Pension Fund with government grants and tax reliefs, to encourage consumers to take out private disability insurance. However, this measure falls short of its original intention since government grants are too low and the insurance industry does not even offer contracts which thoroughly cover the financial risk of disability. According to estimates more than 80 per cent of Germany’s employees and apprentices have insufficient insurance coverage - if they have coverage at all. The reasons for this are high entry barriers into the contracts, increasing segmentation by the consumers’ field of activity as well as unsatisfactory contract durations. This has made private insurance tariffs unaffordable for risk groups. Therefore a fundamental reform to this problem is required. The state has to ensure that either his citizens are equally protected by its statutory disability insurance or it has strictly to regulate pricing and entrance limitation for payment in the private sector. Seit der Reform der gesetzlichen Absicherung bei Invalidität im Jahr 2001 sind Verbraucher verstärkt auf private Absicherung angewiesen, um die Einkommensverluste auszugleichen, die bei einer gesundheitlichen Beeinträchtigung der Erwerbsfähigkeit entstehen. Andernfalls droht ihnen ein hohes Armutsrisiko. Doch das Konzept, Rückführungen im Leistungsniveau der gesetzlichen Rentenversicherung durch verstärkten, durch Zulagen und Steuererleichterungen geförderten Aufbau privater Vorsorgeverträge aufzufangen, greift bei Invalidität nicht. Denn einerseits sind die staatlichen Anreize zum verstärkten Aufbau privater Erwerbsminderungs- oder Berufsunfähigkeitsrenten viel zu gering beziehungsweise nicht zielführend. Andererseits bietet aber die private Versicherungswirtschaft auch keine Tarife an, die wirklich effektiven Schutz vor den finanziellen Folgen von Invalidität bieten. Geschätzt wird, dass durch hohe Zugangshürden eine immer stärkere Berufsgruppendifferenzierung sowie durch unzureichende Vertragslaufzeiten über 80 Prozent der Arbeitnehmerinnen/-nehmer und Auszubildenden – wenn überhaupt – nur einen lückenhaften Schutz erhalten. Für Risikogruppen sind die privaten Tarife längst unbezahlbar. Daher ist eine grundlegende Reform vonnöten. Entweder muss der Staat gesetzlichen Grundschutz für jede/jeden bieten, oder er muss die Zugangsvoraussetzungen und Preise für private Tarife strikt regulieren.

Suggested Citation

  • Barbara Sternberger-Frey, 2014. "Invalidität als Armutsrisiko - können private Berufsunfähigkeitsrenten die Versorgungslücken schließen?: Analyseergebnisse einer unabhängigen Testorganisation," Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung / Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 83(3), pages 113-127.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwvjh:83-3-7
    DOI: 10.3790/vjh.83.3.113
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hagen, Christine & Himmelreicher, Ralf K. & Kemptner, Daniel & Lampert, Thomas, 2011. "Soziale Ungleichheit und Risiken der Erwerbsminderung," WSI-Mitteilungen, Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, vol. 64(7), pages 336-344.
    2. Welti, Felix & Groskreutz, Henning, 2013. "Soziales Recht zum Ausgleich von Erwerbsminderung: Reformoptionen für Präventionen, Rehabilitation und soziale Sicherung bei Erwerbsminderung," Arbeitspapiere 295, Hans-Böckler-Stiftung, Düsseldorf.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Disability insurance; statutory pension insurance; risk of poverty; morbidity risk;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D14 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - Household Saving; Personal Finance
    • G22 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Insurance; Insurance Companies; Actuarial Studies
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation

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