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Perspektiven des Emissionshandels aus deutscher Sicht

Author

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  • Franzjosef Schafhausen

Abstract

Theoretically, emissions trading is an ideal energy and climate policy instrument. In practice, however, its design and realization give rise to numerous questions and pose problems. For the European Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) to be introduced, major opposition from both industry and politics had to be overcome. The compromise necessarys, together with unfavorable starting conditions and little experience with emissions trading so far led to a system far from being perfect. For example, the German national allocation plan was far too generous, too complex and not very calculable. Also, the EU ETS led to unintended distribution effects, for example windfall profits. The second National Allocation Plan (NAP II) for 2008-2012 was developed under consideration of this experience and includes a number of improvements into the right direction, although the ETS would benefit from further improvements on both national and EU levels. All in all, the EU ETS is already playing a core role in the mix of policy instruments for climate protection. From an environmental economics perspective, its introduction as such can be considered a success. Obwohl der Emissionshandel theoretisch ein ideales umwelt- und klimapolitisches Instrument darstellt, stößt seine praktische Gestaltung und Umsetzung auf zahlreiche Schwierigkeiten. So waren bei der Einführung des europäischen Emissionshandelssystems und der Erstellung der Nationalen Allokationspläne für die erste Handelsperiode (NAP I) große Widerstände in Wirtschaft und Politik zu überwinden. Notwendige Kompromisse, ungünstige Startbedingungen und die weltweit nur wenigen Erfahrungen haben dazu geführt, dass das gegenwärtige System alles andere als perfekt ist. So war der erste deutsche Allokationsplan zu großzügig, zu kompliziert und zu wenig berechenbar. Außerdem hat der Emissionshandel zu beträchtlichen Verteilungseffekten z.B. in Form von Windfall-Profits geführt. Unter Berücksichtigung dieser Erfahrungen ist in Deutschland der NAP II für die Periode 2008-2012 erstellt worden, der Verbesserungen enthält, die in die richtige Richtung weisen. Für die künftige Weiterentwicklung besteht allerdings noch ein wesentlicher Handlungsbedarf, sowohl auf nationaler als auch auf europäischer Ebene. Trotz aller Anfangsprobleme spielt der europäische Emissionshandel aber schon jetzt eine zentrale Rolle im notwendigen Instrumentenmix der Klimaschutzpolitik. Aus Sicht der Umweltökonomie stellt seine Einführung an sich schon einen Erfolg dar.

Suggested Citation

  • Franzjosef Schafhausen, 2007. "Perspektiven des Emissionshandels aus deutscher Sicht," Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung / Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 76(1), pages 99-117.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwvjh:76-1-8
    DOI: 10.3790/vjh.76.1.99
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    Cited by:

    1. Fritz Rahmeyer, 2007. "Europäischer Handel mit Treibhausgasemissionszertifikaten und seine Umsetzung in das deutsche Umweltrecht," Discussion Paper Series 296, Universitaet Augsburg, Institute for Economics.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Climate change policy; emissions trading system; greenhouse gas emissions; Kyoto Protocol; Europe;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D44 - Microeconomics - - Market Structure, Pricing, and Design - - - Auctions
    • Q28 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Renewable Resources and Conservation - - - Government Policy
    • Q54 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Climate; Natural Disasters and their Management; Global Warming
    • Q58 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environmental Economics: Government Policy
    • H87 - Public Economics - - Miscellaneous Issues - - - International Fiscal Issues; International Public Goods
    • L51 - Industrial Organization - - Regulation and Industrial Policy - - - Economics of Regulation

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