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Monetary Policy, Fiscal Policy, And The Inflation Tax: Equivalence Results

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  • BHATTACHARYA, JOYDEEP
  • HASLAG, JOSEPH H.
  • RUSSELL, STEVEN

Abstract

This paper clarifies and extends previous work on the equivalence between monetary regimes and fiscal regimes involving social security systems. We show that monetary regimes of the type we study are equivalent to two alternative types of social security regimes. This result has an important implication. Notably, governments can finance a real expenditure by increasing the inflation rate, or finance the expenditure by increasing the tax rate on social security benefits. Such equivalence should help us better understand the role that monetary policy plays in these economies.This research was begun while Russell was visiting Iowa State University. We gratefully acknowledge helpful conversations with Scott Freeman and Peter Rangazas, and comments from participants at the Midwest Macroeconomics Meetings in Atlanta. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent the views of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System or the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City.

Suggested Citation

  • Bhattacharya, Joydeep & Haslag, Joseph H. & Russell, Steven, 2003. "Monetary Policy, Fiscal Policy, And The Inflation Tax: Equivalence Results," Macroeconomic Dynamics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 7(5), pages 647-669, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:cup:macdyn:v:7:y:2003:i:05:p:647-669_02
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    1. Barro, Robert J, 1974. "Are Government Bonds Net Wealth?," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 82(6), pages 1095-1117, Nov.-Dec..
    2. Bacchetta, Philippe & Caminal, Ramon, 1994. "A note on reserve requirements and public finance," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 3(1), pages 107-118.
    3. Sargent, Thomas J & Smith, Bruce D, 1987. "Irrelevance of Open Market Operations in Some Economies with Government Currency Being Dominated in Rate of Return," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 77(1), pages 78-92, March.
    4. Highfield, Richard A. & O'Hara, Maureen & Smith, Bruce, 1996. "Do open market operations matter? Theory and evidence from the Second Bank of the United States," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 20(1-3), pages 479-519.
    5. Mourmouras, Alex & Russell, Steven, 1992. "Optimal reserve requirements, deposit taxation, and the demand for money," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 30(1), pages 129-142, October.
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    1. Arbex, Marcelo & Turdaliev, Nurlan, 2011. "Optimal monetary and audit policy with imperfect taxation," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 33(2), pages 327-340, June.
    2. Ho Wai-Ming, 2020. "Liquidity constraints, international trade, and optimal monetary policy," The B.E. Journal of Macroeconomics, De Gruyter, vol. 20(2), pages 1-29, June.
    3. Gahvari, Firouz, 2007. "The Friedman rule: Old and new," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 54(2), pages 581-589, March.
    4. Kang, Minwook & Kim, Eungsik, 2023. "A government policy with time-inconsistent consumers," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 214(C), pages 44-67.

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