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Merger and Stockholder Risk

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  • Langetieg, Terence C.
  • Haugen, Robert A.
  • Wichern, Dean W.

Abstract

In a world characterized by perfect and complete capital markets, the success (or failure) of a merger is judged by the merger's impact on stockholder wealth. With completeness, the merger's impact on the probability distribution generating stockholder returns is unimportant. The perfect market assumption guarantees that the stockholder not satisfied with the consolidated firm's return distribution can frictionlessly sell his shares and reorder his portfolio; hence his only concern is the merger's impact on wealth. However, if we acknowledge the existence of commissions, taxes, and other frictions, or if markets are not complete, the merger's impact on the stockholder return distribution becomes relevant. In this study we will analyze 149 mergers involving large N.Y.S.E. firms. We will examine four different hypotheses related to the impact of merger on attributes of the stockholder return distribution. We focus our analysis on risk-related attributes including beta, total variance, residual variance, and several other risk-related attributes. In a companion paper, merger's impact on wealth is calculated for the same sample but will not be reported here.

Suggested Citation

  • Langetieg, Terence C. & Haugen, Robert A. & Wichern, Dean W., 1980. "Merger and Stockholder Risk," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 15(3), pages 689-717, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:cup:jfinqa:v:15:y:1980:i:03:p:689-717_00
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    Cited by:

    1. Bos, Martijn & Demirer, Riza & Gupta, Rangan & Tiwari, Aviral Kumar, 2018. "Oil returns and volatility: The role of mergers and acquisitions," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 62-69.
    2. Austin, Rebekah E. & Dunham, Lee M., 2022. "Do FinTech acquisitions improve the operating performance or risk profiles of acquiring firms?," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 121(C).
    3. Geppert, Gero & Kamerschen, David R., 2008. "The effect of mergers on implied volatility of equity options," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 17(2), pages 330-344.
    4. Yang Zhang, 2018. "Corporate Governance Effects on Risk Management and Shareholder Wealth: The Case of Mergers and Acquisitions," PhD Thesis, Finance Discipline Group, UTS Business School, University of Technology, Sydney, number 4-2018.
    5. Surendranath Jory & Thanh Ngo & Jurica Susnjara, 2020. "Stock mergers and acquirers’ subsequent stock price crash risk," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 54(1), pages 359-387, January.
    6. Dosoung Choi & George C. Philippatos, 1983. "An Examination Of Merger Synergism," Journal of Financial Research, Southern Finance Association;Southwestern Finance Association, vol. 6(3), pages 239-256, September.

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