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Structural adjustment and deforestation in Nicaragua

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  • GLOMSRØD, SOLVEIG
  • MONGE, MARIA DOLORES
  • VENNEMO, HAAKON

Abstract

This paper investigates the impact of structural adjustment policies on deforestation taking place when the agricultural frontier advances into forest reserves in Nicaragua. A computable general equilibrium model incorporating deforestation by squatters is used for policy simulations. The opportunity cost of migrating to the frontier does not simply depend on wage income opportunity, but also on market prices of basic grain which determine the capacity to consume beyond subsistence food-level given a certain real wage. Reducing public expenditures both conserves forests and enhances economic growth, while showing positive distributional effects. On the other hand, a strong conservation trend following a sales tax increase is driven by increasing poverty in rural areas. Noticeably, there are policies which initially intensify deforestation, but turn out to ease the pressure on forests over time. Rapid economic growth does not ensure less pressure on forest reserves.

Suggested Citation

  • Glomsrã˜D, Solveig & Monge, Maria Dolores & Vennemo, Haakon, 1999. "Structural adjustment and deforestation in Nicaragua," Environment and Development Economics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 4(1), pages 19-43, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:cup:endeec:v:4:y:1999:i:01:p:19-43_00
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Alfsen, Knut H. & Bye, Torstein & Glomsrã˜D, Solveig & Wiig, Henrik, 1997. "Soil degradation and economic development in Ghana," Environment and Development Economics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 2(2), pages 119-143, May.
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    4. Taylor, Lance, 1993. "The rocky road to reform: Trade, industrial, financial, and agricultural strategies," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 21(4), pages 577-590, April.
    5. Alfsen, Knut H. & De Franco, Mario A. & Glomsrod, Solveig & Johnsen, Torgeir, 1996. "The cost of soil erosion in Nicaragua," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 16(2), pages 129-145, February.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Pandey, Kiran D. & Wheeler, David, 2001. "Structural adjustment and forest resources - the impact of World Bank operations," Policy Research Working Paper Series 2584, The World Bank.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • C68 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling - - - Computable General Equilibrium Models
    • O54 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Latin America; Caribbean
    • Q23 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Renewable Resources and Conservation - - - Forestry
    • R23 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Household Analysis - - - Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population

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