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Rainfall shocks and fertilizer use: a district level study of India

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  • Bora, Kaushik

Abstract

In the context of climate change and increasing occurrences of extreme events, it is essential to understand farmers' responses to weather shocks and adaptations. This paper uses a panel dataset of 311 selected Indian districts ranging from 1966 to 2009 to investigate how application of chemical fertilizers varies in response to rainfall shocks. Two rainfall shock measures are constructed based on deviation in rainfall from the normal, a categorical measure of rainfall shock; and another, a continuous index of negative rainfall deviation. Based on a panel fixed effect regression, the study finds no apparent reduction in the level of fertilizer use in negative rainfall shock years. However, with a one-year lagged rainfall shock, a reduction in fertilizer application rate is observed for the continuous drought index. Further, exposure to higher intensity droughts in the previous year leads to an increase in the amount of fertilizer application in the current year.

Suggested Citation

  • Bora, Kaushik, 2022. "Rainfall shocks and fertilizer use: a district level study of India," Environment and Development Economics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 27(6), pages 556-577, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:cup:endeec:v:27:y:2022:i:6:p:556-577_4
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    Cited by:

    1. Makate, Clifton & Angelsen, Arild & Holden, Stein Terje & Westengen, Ola Tveitereid, 2023. "Evolution of farm-level crop diversification and response to rainfall shocks in smallholder farming: Evidence from Malawi and Tanzania," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 205(C).
    2. Kebede, Dereje & Emana, Bezabih & Tesfay, Girmay, 2023. "Impact of land acquisition for large-scale agricultural investments on food security status of displaced households: The case of Ethiopia," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 126(C).
    3. Sabine Liebenehm & Huong Jaretzky & Hermann Waibel, 2023. "Extreme weather and agricultural management decisions among smallholder farmers in rural Thailand and Vietnam," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 54(5), pages 593-622, September.
    4. Jiangying Guo & Jiwei Chen, 2022. "The Impact of Heavy Rainfall Variability on Fertilizer Application Rates: Evidence from Maize Farmers in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(23), pages 1-17, November.

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