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Changing Immigrant Characteristics and Pre-Landing Canadian Earnings: Their Effect on Entry Earnings over the 1990s and 2000s

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Listed:
  • Feng Hou
  • Garnett Picot

Abstract

During the 1990s and 2000s, the characteristics of new immigrants to Canada changed significantly across several dimensions, including education, admission class, source region, and pre-landing Canadian work experience, owing at least partly to changes in immigration selection policies. This article examines whether these changes affected earnings trends among immigrants. Among all new immigrants and economic principal applicants, aside from cyclical fluctuations, entry earnings changed little over the 1990s and 2000s. This stability was the result of competing influences, some that tended to increase earnings and some that tended to reduce them. The key changes in immigrant characteristics that put upward pressure on entry earnings were the rising educational attainment in the 1990s and a large increase in the share of immigrants with high pre-landing Canadian earnings during the 2000s. The latter characteristic also accounted for the earnings advantage of provincial nominees over skilled worker immigrants. The policy implications of the results are discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Feng Hou & Garnett Picot, 2016. "Changing Immigrant Characteristics and Pre-Landing Canadian Earnings: Their Effect on Entry Earnings over the 1990s and 2000s," Canadian Public Policy, University of Toronto Press, vol. 42(3), pages 308-323, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:cpp:issued:v:42:y:2016:i:3:p:308-323
    DOI: 10.3138/cpp.2015-062
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    Cited by:

    1. Danielle Lamb & Rupa Banerjee, 2023. "Policies, Potentials, and Pitfalls: the Impact of Economic Admission Categories on Recent Immigrant Earnings Disparities," Journal of International Migration and Integration, Springer, vol. 24(3), pages 681-696, December.
    2. Ibrahim Bousmah & Gilles Grenier, 2022. "Labor shortages and immigration: The case of the Canadian agriculture sector," Agribusiness, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 38(1), pages 220-235, January.
    3. Jeffrey G. Reitz, 2023. "The Role of Employers in Selecting Highly Skilled Immigrants: Potentials and Limitations," Journal of International Migration and Integration, Springer, vol. 24(3), pages 621-639, December.
    4. Georgina Chuatico & Michael Haan & Lindsay Finlay, 2023. "Forms of Capital in the Economic Integration of Immigrants in Canada," Journal of International Migration and Integration, Springer, vol. 24(2), pages 587-610, June.
    5. Valerie Preston & John Shields & Marshia Akbar, 2022. "Migration and Resilience in Urban Canada: Why Social Resilience, Why Now?," Journal of International Migration and Integration, Springer, vol. 23(3), pages 1421-1441, September.
    6. Feng Hou & Yuqian Lu, 2017. "International students, immigration and earnings growth: the effect of a pre-immigration host-country university education," IZA Journal of Migration and Development, Springer;Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 7(1), pages 1-24, December.
    7. Joyceline Amoako & Ellen MacEachen & Warren Dodd & Kimberly Lopez, 2024. "“It is not just about my work, my identities count”: the Influence of Intersectional Identities on the Employment Experiences of Black African Immigrant Women in Ontario, Canada," Journal of International Migration and Integration, Springer, vol. 25(1), pages 421-442, March.
    8. Garnett Picot & Feng Hou, 2023. "The Effect of Pre-immigration Canadian Work Experience on the Returns to Human Capital Among Immigrants," Journal of International Migration and Integration, Springer, vol. 24(3), pages 661-679, December.

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