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En el marco de la historia institucional, y con un acercamiento cuantitativo y descriptivo, este artículo examina el sistema telegráfico en el Estado de Santander entre 1865 y 1910 a través del análisis de los niveles de rentabilidad, el sistema de tarifas y franquicias, la organización de oficinas y empleados y la dotación de locales. Ante las dificultades del fisco nacional, que fue el que financió este sistema de comunicación, bastante útil resultó el apoyo económico y logístico del gobierno seccional de Santander. Adicionalmente, como alternativa se recurrió con relativo éxito a la participación del sector privado a través de la contratación administrativa de la construcción y el mantenimiento de las redes. Pese a ser un ramo que arrojaba cifras deficitarias, aun así, el Gobierno nacional afrontó la inversión que implicaba el sostenimiento de este servicio por cuanto era un bien público estratégico de control político a escala provincial, así como de garantía de la conectividad social y el desarrollo económico. Ese propósito se cumplió en el Estado de Santander en donde, pese a las interferencias políticas y a las guerras civiles, se registró una expansión sostenida del sistema de redes y oficinas telegráficas, constituyéndose en una zona de enlace entre el interior y la costa Caribe. Este trabajo se realizó con fuentes primarias como informes oficiales, compendios normativos y revistas del ramo, así como también con algunas fuentes secundarias que incluyeron estudios sobre este sector de las comunicaciones. In the context of institutional history, and with a quantitative and descriptive approach, this article examines the telegraph system in the State of Santander between 1865 and 1910 through the analysis of profitability levels, the tariff and franchise system, the organization of offices and employees, and the provision of facilities. Given the difficulties of the national treasury, which funded this communication system, the economic and logistical support of the Santander sectional government was highly useful. Additionally, as an alternative, there was a relatively successful involvement of the private sector through the administrative contracts for the construction and maintenance of the networks. Despite being a branch that showed deficit figures, the national government still undertook the investment required to maintain this service, as it was a strategic public good for political control at the provincial level, as well as a guarantee of social connectivity and economic development. This goal was achieved in the State of Santander, where, despite political interference and civil wars, there was a sustained expansion of the telegraph networks and offices, making it a key link between the interior and the Caribbean coast. This study was carried out using primary sources such as official reports, regulatory compilations and industry journals as well as secondary sources with studies on this sector.
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JEL classification:
- H54 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Infrastructures
- H76 - Public Economics - - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations - - - Other Expenditure Categories
- L96 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities - - - Telecommunications
- N7 - Economic History - - Economic History: Transport, International and Domestic Trade, Energy, and Other Services
- R51 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Regional Government Analysis - - - Finance in Urban and Rural Economies
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