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La década de los noventa y la Integración Andina

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  • Alicia Bulla Bermúdez +

Abstract

RESUMEN:La historia de la Integración económica en América Latina ha cumplido cuarentaanos, casi el mismo periodo de la exitosa Unión Europea, sin embargo en esta regiónel proceso ha sido un permanente ensayo y error, volviendo en ocasiones a recomenzar,como es el caso de la ALALC, que no logra el cumplimiento de los objetivos yrenace como la ALADI con otro conjunto de objetivos diferentes a los de su antecesora.En el proceso de recomposición y pensando en la necesidad de conformar zonasmás homogéneas se configura la zona identificada con el Pacto Andino, que se configuraen 1969, con el agravante de que debe postergar las metas, para finalmente en1996, habiéndolas cumplido, como es la de establecer un arancel externo común,conforma la Comunidad Andina.Los factores del fracaso de la primera parte del proceso de integración pueden atribuirsea los objetivos opuestos entre el proteccionismo de la economía frente a laintegración de la economía en la región, que implicaba el desarrollo del comercio y lacompetencia frente a otras regiones. En la década de los ochenta el compromiso delos países con la deuda externa, que por demás se afrontó de manera individual. En ladécada de los noventa, la presión del FMI, ha llevado a los países a imponer modelosaperturistas relativamente homogéneos que han permitido un éxito en el intercambiodentro de la zona comunitaria, con tendencia creciente en los sectores productores demanufacturas, y la llegada de nuevos sectores como es el caso del sector servicios.___________ABSTRACT:The economic integration of Latin America is forty years old, almost the same as theEuropean Union; nevertheless it has become a trial and error process, an initial attemptwas ALALC, whose purposes were not fulfilled and was restructured as ALADI, anorganization with a purpose different from the previous one. Another attempt was theAndean Pact, 1969, that looked for the integration of more homogenous countries.Unfortunately its goals were delayed until 1996, when the common external tariffwas set, then the Andean Community was established.The failures of these attempts are due to different factors. In the first part of theintegration there were no clear objectives to be achieved. In the 80´s, each county hadto face its external debt. In the 90´s, the IMF urged the Latin American countries toimplement Economic opening policies which caused the growth of some sectors andthe emerging of new ones.

Suggested Citation

  • Alicia Bulla Bermúdez +, 2001. "La década de los noventa y la Integración Andina," Apuntes del Cenes, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000152:009648
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sunkel, Osvaldo, 1998. "Desarrollo e integración regional: ¿otra oportunidad para una promesa incumplida?," Revista CEPAL, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), October.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    economic integration; Andean Pact; trade; competence; integración económica; Pacto Andino; comercio; competencia.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F15 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Economic Integration
    • F11 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Neoclassical Models of Trade
    • F12 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies; Fragmentation

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