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Multiheaded Federations: The EU and Canada Compared

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  • John Erik Fossum

    (ARENA Centre for European Studies, University of Oslo, Norway)

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to assess the merits of comparing the EU and Canada from a federal perspective. The point of departure is that both are federal-type entities that represent deviations from the standard or mainstream American model of federalism. That has given rise to alternative conceptions, multilevel governance for the EU, and a multinational federation for Canada. The article discusses the limitations of each such notion and instead argues for the merits of seeing both as different versions of multiheaded federation which is a useful analytical device for analyzing contestation over federalism within federal-type entities. This notion directs our attention to those with power and in the position to shape the political system’s federal-constitutional nature and design, which normally happens in the realm of constitutional politics. It is the fundamental struggle over sovereignty within a federal-type structure that gives rise to the notion of a multiheaded federation—there are multiple heads because there is no willingness to accept a hierarchical arrangement. The notion of a multiheaded federation is particularly suitable for capturing (de)federalisation processes and dynamics.

Suggested Citation

  • John Erik Fossum, 2023. "Multiheaded Federations: The EU and Canada Compared," Politics and Governance, Cogitatio Press, vol. 11(3), pages 231-240.
    • Handle: RePEc:cog:poango:v11:y:2023:i:3:p:231-240
    DOI: 10.17645/pag.v11i3.6830
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Moravcsik, Andrew, 1991. "Negotiating the Single European Act: national interests and conventional statecraft in the European Community," International Organization, Cambridge University Press, vol. 45(1), pages 19-56, January.
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