Essai sur l’économie de « l’égalitarisme libéral . Une combinaison sélective des travaux de Rawls, Sen et Kolm

In The Idea of Justice [2009], Sen firmly criticizes ?transcendental? theories of justice, the archetype of which is to be found in Rawls? works and he suggests substituting for them a more pragmatic ?comparative? approach. In Macrojustice [2005], Kolm defends his conception of an ?endogenous social choice?, which induces him to keep at a distance Rawlsian concepts, such as ?original position? and ?veil of ignorance?, he considers as too abstract. Concerning Rawls himself, he has offered a philosophical formulation of the second principle of justice (?fair equality of opportunity? and ?principle of difference?) but that sole formulation remains too vague to contain precise proposals in the field of economic and social policy. In spite of real differences at an epistemological level about the meaning of their own normative ideas, Sen, Kolm and Rawls can be considered as ?liberal egalitarians?, but economics of this school of thought is still to be specified (1): The Rawlsian hierarchy between the principles de justice would give our essay its general framework (2), whereas Sen?s ?capability approach? would legitimize a more ambitious conception of ?fair equality of opportunity? (3) and Kolm?s distributive ?ELIE transfers? would be a suitable application of the ?principle of difference? (4). As a conclusion, the scope and limits of our essay are subject to a first examination (5).