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Overseas Chinese: How Chinese Capitalism Was Born And How It Has Survived

Author

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  • Milan Lajčiak

    (Ministerstvo zahraničných vecí a európskych záležitostí SR)

Abstract

Termín „čínsky kapitalizmus“ sa spája s mechanizmom podnikateľských aktivít zahraničných Číňanov, ktorí migrovali v niekoľkých vlnách z materskej Číny a začali vytvárať koncom 19. a začiatkom 20. storočia v nových krajinách pôsobnosti vlastný systém podnikania, integrujúc sa do rozširujúcich väzieb kapitalistického sveta. Čínske komunity sa postupne dostali cez Tichý oceán až k západnému americkému pobrežiu, avšak v najväčšom počte sa usadili v juhovýchodnej Ázii, kde dominujú dodnes v krajinách, ako je Hong Kong, Singapur a Tchaj-wan. Mechanizmus podnikateľských aktivít zahraničných Číňanov kopíruje verne princíp ich sociálnych väzieb. Základnou sociálnou aj podnikateľskou jednotkou je rodina, ktorá predstavuje okrem iného aj rámec najvyššieho stupňa dôvery. Vzhľadom na to, že rodinný rozmer predstavoval limity pre rozširovanie podnikateľských aktivít, čínske podnikateľské subjekty začali rozširovať svoje miesto na trhu formou previazanosti a budovaním rôznych foriem podnikateľských sietí. Špecifickou črtou tohto druhu čínskeho kapitalizmu je, že nie je obmedzený žiadnym špecifickým historickým obdobím či lokalitou, ale sa tiahne vyše jedno storočie priestorom všade tam, kde čínska komunita cítila príležitosť zarobiť peniaze. Čínsky kapitalizmus sa vymyká z klasických prípadov budovania trhových mechanizmov, ktoré sa rozvíjali v rámci podmienok určitej krajiny a v špecifickom časovom období. Jeho ďalšou unikátnou črtou je aj to, že sa rozvíjal nezávisle od politickej ekonómie vlastného čínskeho štátu. Táto štúdia poukazuje na historické aspekty formovania čínskej cesty ku kapitalizmu za hranicami domovskej krajiny migrujúcich Číňanov, na jej najzákladnejšie charakteristické črty a mechanizmy prístupov a pre lepšie pochopenie tohto fenoménu prináša rozdiely s priemyselne úspešným Japonskom, ktoré išlo odlišnou cestou ekonomického vývoja.

Suggested Citation

  • Milan Lajčiak, 2016. "Overseas Chinese: How Chinese Capitalism Was Born And How It Has Survived," Almanach (Actual Issues in World Economics and Politics), Ekonomická univerzita, Fakulta medzinárodných vzťahov, vol. 11(4), pages 5-13.
    • Handle: RePEc:brv:almnch:v:10:y:2016:i:4:p:5-13
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mateusz Lewandowski, 2016. "Designing the Business Models for Circular Economy—Towards the Conceptual Framework," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(1), pages 1-28, January.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    zahraniční Číňania; príbuzenské vzťahy; podnikateľské siete;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • L10 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - General
    • L20 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - General
    • L26 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Entrepreneurship

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