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The Ability to Influence: A Comparative Analysis of the Role of Advocacy Coalitions in Brazilian Climate Politics

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  • Solveig Aamodt

Abstract

Cooperation between environmentalists, scientists, and governmental actors was a crucial driver behind Brazil's efforts to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the forest sector from 2004 onward. The same climate coalition's advocacy work to reduce emissions in the energy sector, Brazil's second†most emitting sector, has been unsuccessful. Why has climate†policy development been so different in the two sectors? Building on the advocacy coalition framework, this paper analyzes the climate coalition's role, systematically comparing how the coalition has worked to influence policy development in the two key sectors for Brazilian GHG emissions between 2003 and 2015. The paper finds that strong climate†coalition unity, unambiguous scientific knowledge, economic growth, and international pressure functioned as a constellation of factors that enhanced the climate coalition's ability to take advantage of a climate†policy window and frame deforestation as a core climate concern. The same constellation of factors was missing in the energy sector.å½±å“ ï¼ˆæ”¿æ²»ï¼‰çš„èƒ½åŠ›: å¯¹æ¯”åˆ†æž å€¡è®®è ”ç›Ÿåœ¨å·´è¥¿æ°”å€™æ”¿æ²»ä¸­æ‰€æ‰®æ¼”çš„è§’è‰² çŽ¯å¢ƒå­¦å®¶ã€ ç§‘å­¦å®¶å’Œæ”¿åºœè¡Œä¸ºè€…ä¹‹é—´çš„å ˆä½œæ˜¯å·´è¥¿è‡ª 2014 å¹´ä»¥æ ¥è‡´åŠ›è¾ƒå°‘æ£®æž—éƒ¨é—¨æ¸©å®¤æ°”ä½“æŽ’æ”¾çš„å…³é”®é©±åŠ¨åŠ›ã€‚ç„¶è€Œåœ¨å‡ å°‘èƒ½æº éƒ¨é—¨ï¼ˆå·´è¥¿ç¬¬äºŒå¤§æŽ’æ”¾éƒ¨é—¨ï¼‰æŽ’æ”¾æ–¹é ¢, ç›¸å Œçš„æ°”å€™è ”ç›Ÿå€¡è®®å ´å¹¶æœªå –å¾—æˆ åŠŸã€‚ä¸ºä½•è¿™ä¸¤ä¸ªéƒ¨é—¨çš„æ°”å€™æ”¿ç­–å ‘å±•å¦‚æ­¤ä¸ å Œï¼Ÿæœ¬æ–‡åŸºäºŽå€¡è®®è ”ç›Ÿæ¡†æž¶ï¼ˆadvocacy coalition framework, ACF）, åˆ†æž äº†æ°”å€™è ”ç›Ÿçš„è§’è‰², 系统地比较了 2003—2015 å¹´é—´è ”ç›Ÿå¦‚ä½•åŠªåŠ›å½±å“ å·´è¥¿æ¸©å®¤æ°”ä½“æŽ’æ”¾ä¸­å…³é”®ä¸¤éƒ¨é—¨çš„æ”¿ç­–å ‘å±•ã€‚æœ¬æ–‡å ‘çŽ°, æ°”å€™å’Œè ”ç›Ÿçš„å¼ºæœ‰åŠ›ç»“å ˆã€ æ¸…æ™°çš„ç§‘å­¦çŸ¥è¯†ã€ ç» æµŽå¢žé•¿å’Œå›½é™…åŽ‹åŠ›è¿™å››ç‚¹å……å½“äº†ä¸€ç³»åˆ—å› ç´ , è¿™äº›å› ç´ å¢žå¼ºäº†æ°”å€™è ”ç›Ÿçš„èƒ½åŠ›, 从而利用气候†政策之窗, å Œæ—¶å°†æ£®æž—ç ä¼ ä½œä¸ºä¸»è¦ æ°”å€™é—®é¢˜ã€‚èƒ½æº éƒ¨é—¨åˆ™ç¼ºå°‘è¿™äº›å› ç´ ã€‚La Habilidad Para Influenciar: Un Análisis Comparativo Del Papel De Las Coaliciones Defensoras En La Política Brasileña La cooperación entre ambientalistas, científicos y actores gubernamentales fue un impulso crucial detrás de los esfuerzos de Brasil para reducir las emisiones de GEI del sector forestal de 2004 en adelante. El trabajo para reducir las emisiones del sector energético (el segundo sector que más emite), de la misma coalición para el clima, no ha tenido éxito. ¿Por qué el desarrollo de las políticas del clima ha sido tan diferente en los dos sectores? Añadiendo al marco teórico de las coaliciones de apoyo (ACF), este documento analiza el papel que tiene la coalición del clima, sistemáticamente comparando cómo la coalición ha trabajado para influenciar el desarrollo de las políticas en los dos sectores clave para las emisiones de GEI en Brasil entre 2003 y 2015. El documento encuentra que una unidad fuerte en la coalición del clima, el conocimiento científico no ambiguo, el crecimiento económico y la presión internacional funcionaron como una constelación de factores que mejoraron la habilidad de la coalición del clima para aprovechar una ventana de políticas del clima y presentar a la deforestación como una preocupación principal en el tema del clima. La misma constelación de factores no estaba presente en el sector de la energía.

Suggested Citation

  • Solveig Aamodt, 2018. "The Ability to Influence: A Comparative Analysis of the Role of Advocacy Coalitions in Brazilian Climate Politics," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 35(3), pages 372-397, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:revpol:v:35:y:2018:i:3:p:372-397
    DOI: 10.1111/ropr.12282
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    Cited by:

    1. Keles, Derya & Delacote, Philippe & Pfaff, Alexander & Qin, Siyu & Mascia, Michael B., 2020. "What Drives the Erasure of Protected Areas? Evidence from across the Brazilian Amazon," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 176(C).
    2. van der Hoff, Richard & Rajão, Raoni, 2020. "The politics of environmental market instruments: Coalition building and knowledge filtering in the regulation of forest certificates trading in Brazil," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 96(C).
    3. Hochstetler, Kathryn, 2021. "Climate institutions in Brazil: three decades of building and dismantling climate capacity," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 111417, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    4. P. Gallo & E. Albrecht, 2019. "Brazil and the Paris Agreement: REDD+ as an instrument of Brazil’s Nationally Determined Contribution compliance," International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, Springer, vol. 19(1), pages 123-144, February.

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