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Strategy and Implementation of Employment Policy in Austria

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  • Gunther Tichy

Abstract

Austrian business cycle policy was unconventional but rather successful in the last three decades and especially since the oil crisis. The unconventional conception was developed by trial and error, only ex post it got the name Austro‐Keynesianism. Nevertheless it has a theoretical basis, a rather radical interpretation of KEYNES, which bases economic instability on a deep‐rooted uncertainty of entrepreneurs. According to this interpretation economic policy tried to stabilize the data most important for entrepreneurial decisions, especially wage increase, exchange rates and investment promotion. This lightened the burden of the traditional instruments of stabilization policy. In addition these instruments were assigned differently: Exchange rate policy was primarily used to stabilize prices in the short run, incomes policy to equilibrate the current account in the medium and longer run, fiscal policy to stabilize employment. While the new assignation proved useful for stabilization policy, some structural problems remained unsolved. Die österreichische Konjunkturpolitik hat in den letzten drei Jahrzehnten, vor allem aber seit der Ölkrise durch eine unkonventionelie Konzeption ihrer Massnahmen recht günstige Erfolge erzielt. Zwar entstand diese Konzeption, die später als Austrokeynesianismus bezeichnet wurde, durch trial and error, doch ruht sie auf einer theoretischen Basis: Einer etwas radikaleren Interpretation von KEYNES, nach der wirtschaftliche Instabilität auf tiefwurzelnder Unsicherheit der Unternehmer basiert. Die Wirtschaftspolitik versuchte daher die Grössen zu verstetigen, die den Unterneh‐merentscheidungen zugrundeliegen, insbesondere Lohnzuwachsraten, Wechselkurse und Investitionsförderung. Dadurch wurde die Stabilisierungspolitik im engeren Sinn entlastet. Darüberhinaus wurden die Instrumente anders eingesetzt als üblich: Wech‐selkurspolitik diente der kurzfristigen Preisstabilisierung, Einkommenspolitik dem längerfristigen Ausgleich der Leistungsbilanz, Fiskalpolitik der Beschäftigungssiche‐rung. Ungelöst blieben allerdings Probleme im strukturpolitischen Bereich. Dans les trois décades passées et particuliérement aprés la crise pétroliere la politique conjoncturelle de l'Autriche était inconventionnelle, mais pas sans succés. La conception inconventionnelle était developpée par «trial and error». Ce n'était qu'en ex post qu'elle était appelé Austro‐Keynesianisme. Néanmoins cette conception est fondée thkoriquement sur une interprétation plutôt radicale de KEYNES, qui regarde comme cause principale de l'instahilité l'incertitude profonde des entrepreneurs. Selon cette interprétation, la politique d'économie a essayé de stabiliser les dates les plus importantes pour les décisions des entrepreneurs, particuliérement la croissance des salaires, le taux d'échange et la promotion d'investissement rendant ainsi plus faciles les tâhes des instruments traditionnels pour stabiliser l'economie. De surcroît ces instruments étaient assignés différemment: le taux d'échange était premierement utilisé pour stabiliser le niveau de prix à court terme, la politique des revenus pour équilibrer la balance de paiement è moyen et long termes, la politique fiscale pour stabiliser l'emploi. Cette assignation nouvelle se montrant capable de stabiliser des indicateurs principaux de l'économie (l'emploi, le niveau de prix, la balance de paiement), il reste quand même des problémes structurels.

Suggested Citation

  • Gunther Tichy, 1984. "Strategy and Implementation of Employment Policy in Austria," Kyklos, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 37(3), pages 363-386, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:kyklos:v:37:y:1984:i:3:p:363-386
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-6435.1984.tb00707.x
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    Cited by:

    1. Georg Winckler & Erwin Amann, 1986. "Exchange rate policy in the presence of a strong trade union," Journal of Economics, Springer, vol. 46(1), pages 259-280, December.
    2. repec:clr:wugarc:y:2012:v:38i:2p:185 is not listed on IDEAS
    3. Gunther Tichy, 2012. "Der missbrauchte Keynes Überlegungen zur traditionellen Makropolitik," Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft - WuG, Kammer für Arbeiter und Angestellte für Wien, Abteilung Wirtschaftswissenschaft und Statistik, vol. 38(2), pages 185-196.
    4. Michael Peneder, 2001. "Eine Neubetrachtung des "Österreich-Paradoxon"," WIFO Monatsberichte (monthly reports), WIFO, vol. 74(12), pages 737-748, December.
    5. Michael Peneder & Karl Aiginger & Gernot Hutschenreiter & Markus Marterbauer, 2001. "Structural Change and Economic Growth," WIFO Studies, WIFO, number 20668, April.

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