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Smoothing for discrete‐valued time series

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  • Zongwu Cai
  • Qiwei Yao
  • Wenyang Zhang

Abstract

We deal with smoothed estimators for conditional probability functions of discrete‐valued time series {Yt} under two different settings. When the conditional distribution of Yt given its lagged values falls in a parametric family and depends on exogenous random variables, a smoothed maximum (partial) likelihood estimator for the unknown parameter is proposed. While there is no prior information on the distribution, various nonparametric estimation methods have been compared and the adjusted Nadaraya–Watson estimator stands out as it shares the advantages of both Nadaraya–Watson and local linear regression estimators. The asymptotic normality of the estimators proposed has been established in the manner of sparse asymptotics, which shows that the smoothed methods proposed outperform their conventional, unsmoothed, parametric counterparts under very mild conditions. Simulation results lend further support to this assertion. Finally, the new method is illustrated via a real data set concerning the relationship between the number of daily hospital admissions and the levels of pollutants in Hong Kong in 1994–1995. An ad hoc model selection procedure based on a local Akaike information criterion is proposed to select the significant pollutant indices.

Suggested Citation

  • Zongwu Cai & Qiwei Yao & Wenyang Zhang, 2001. "Smoothing for discrete‐valued time series," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 63(2), pages 357-375.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:jorssb:v:63:y:2001:i:2:p:357-375
    DOI: 10.1111/1467-9868.00290
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    Cited by:

    1. Kristensen, Dennis & Shin, Yongseok, 2012. "Estimation of dynamic models with nonparametric simulated maximum likelihood," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 167(1), pages 76-94.
    2. Cai, Zongwu, 2003. "Nonparametric estimation equations for time series data," Statistics & Probability Letters, Elsevier, vol. 62(4), pages 379-390, May.
    3. Dag Tjøstheim, 2012. "Rejoinder on: Some recent theory for autoregressive count time series," TEST: An Official Journal of the Spanish Society of Statistics and Operations Research, Springer;Sociedad de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, vol. 21(3), pages 469-476, September.

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    JEL classification:

    • C1 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General

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