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On the Practice of Rescaling Covariates

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  • Sylvain Sardy

Abstract

Whether doing parametric or nonparametric regression with shrinkage, thresholding, penalized likelihood, Bayesian posterior estimators (e.g., ridge regression, lasso, principal component regression, waveshrink or Markov random field), it is common practice to rescale covariates by dividing by their respective standard errors ρ. The stated goal of this operation is to provide unitless covariates to compare like with like, especially when penalized likelihood or prior distributions are used. We contend that this vision is too simplistic. Instead, we propose to take into account a more essential component of the structure of the regression matrix by rescaling the covariates based on the diagonal elements of the covariance matrix Σ of the maximum‐likelihood estimator. We illustrate the differences between the standard ρ‐ and proposed Σ‐rescalings with various estimators and data sets. Que l'on utilise un modèle de régression paramétrique ou non‐paramétrique, par rétrécissement, seuillage, vraisemblance pénalisée ou Bayesien (ex. régression ridge, lasso, régression en composantes principales, waveshrink, champ Markovien), il est commun de standardiser les variables explicatives en les divisant par leurs écarts types ρ respectifs. Le but affiché de cette opération est de créer des variables sans unités pour pouvoir les comparer entre elles, en particulier quand l'estimateur est basé sur la vraisemblance pénalisée ou une distribution a priori. Nous attendons prouver que cette vision est trop simpliste. Nous proposons de plutôt considérer un élément plus essentiel de la matrice de régression en standardisant les variables explicatives à partir des éléments diagonaux de la matrice de covariance Σ de l'estimateur du maximum de vraisemblance. Nous illustrons les différences entre la standardisation ρ et la standarisation Σ avec des estimateurs et des données variés. Mots clés: champ markovien, distribution a priori ℓη, lasso, ondelettes, régression en composantes principales, régression ridge.

Suggested Citation

  • Sylvain Sardy, 2008. "On the Practice of Rescaling Covariates," International Statistical Review, International Statistical Institute, vol. 76(2), pages 285-297, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:istatr:v:76:y:2008:i:2:p:285-297
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-5823.2008.00050.x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sardy, Sylvain & Tseng, Paul, 2004. "On the Statistical Analysis of Smoothing by Maximizing Dirty Markov Random Field Posterior Distributions," Journal of the American Statistical Association, American Statistical Association, vol. 99, pages 191-204, January.
    2. Donald R. Jensen & Donald E. Ramirez, 2008. "Anomalies in the Foundations of Ridge Regression," International Statistical Review, International Statistical Institute, vol. 76(1), pages 89-105, April.
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    1. Prasenjit Kapat & Prem K. Goel, 2010. "Anomalies in the Foundations of Ridge Regression: Some Clarifications," International Statistical Review, International Statistical Institute, vol. 78(2), pages 209-215, August.
    2. Sardy, Sylvain & Diaz-Rodriguez, Jairo & Giacobino, Caroline, 2022. "Thresholding tests based on affine LASSO to achieve non-asymptotic nominal level and high power under sparse and dense alternatives in high dimension," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
    3. Sylvain Sardy, 2009. "Adaptive Posterior Mode Estimation of a Sparse Sequence for Model Selection," Scandinavian Journal of Statistics, Danish Society for Theoretical Statistics;Finnish Statistical Society;Norwegian Statistical Association;Swedish Statistical Association, vol. 36(4), pages 577-601, December.
    4. José García & Román Salmerón & Catalina García & María del Mar López Martín, 2016. "Standardization of Variables and Collinearity Diagnostic in Ridge Regression," International Statistical Review, International Statistical Institute, vol. 84(2), pages 245-266, August.

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