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Gazprom versus the Skyline: Spatial Displacement and Social Contention in St. Petersburg

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  • MEGAN DIXON

Abstract

On 1 December 2006, the Governor of St. Petersburg, Russia, announced the winning entry in a design competition to design a skyscraper headquarters for the Gazprom‐Neft corporation. The chosen site lies directly across the Neva River from a popular historical tourist site, Smolny Cathedral, and the building's high modernist style in steel and glass promises a departure from St. Petersburg's historical style. However, the building's proposed height of 396 meters poses the greatest threat to local notions of architectural and planning tradition, which favors a low horizontal skyline. Widespread loyalty to that tradition focused attention on the project's contradiction of the existing Height Regulation, which galvanized the protest activity of several disparate groups throughout 2007 and 2008. Evidence gathered in examination of media coverage, participant observation and interviews among protest groups, as well as city planners and architects, suggests that protest against the project connects directly to the struggle to codify the Height Regulation. Drawing on the moral authority of the historical built environment, protest groups develop a thorough knowledge of drafted legislation and attempt to shame officials who disregard existing codes. Residents thereby enact their ‘right to the city’, as well as new possibilities for Russian polity and identity. Résumé Le 1er décembre 2006, la gouverneur de Saint‐Pétersbourg annonçait le gagnant du concours qui portait sur la création d’un gratte‐ciel abritant le siège de la société russe Gazprom Neft. Il s’élèvera sur la rive de la Neva, en face d’un site touristique historique très fréquenté, la cathédrale Smolny, et l’ultra‐modernisme du bâtiment d’acier et de verre promet une rupture avec le style historique de la ville. Néanmoins, c’est la hauteur prévue de la tour, 396 mètres, qui défie directement les principes traditionnels locaux en architecture et urbanisme, lesquels privilégient un profil urbain horizontal de faible hauteur. Un attachement généraliséà cette tradition a focalisé l’attention sur le projet qui contrevient à la réglementation existante sur la hauteur, galvanisant les oppositions de plusieurs groupes disparates en 2007 et 2008. Les indices collectés en analysant la couverture médiatique, en observant les protagonistes et en interrogeant les groupes protestataires, ainsi que des urbanistes et architectes, suggèrent que l’opposition au projet est clairement liée à la lutte visant à codifier la Réglementation sur la hauteur des bâtiments. S’appuyant sur l’autorité morale de l’environnement historique construit, les groupes protestataires mettent au point une connaissance parfaite de la législation en projet et tentent de faire honte aux intervenants officiels qui passent outre aux codes en vigueur. Les résidents mettent ainsi en oeuvre leur ‘droit à la ville’, ouvrant de nouvelles possibilités pour l’identité et l’action publique russe.

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  • Megan Dixon, 2010. "Gazprom versus the Skyline: Spatial Displacement and Social Contention in St. Petersburg," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 34(1), pages 35-54, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:34:y:2010:i:1:p:35-54
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2427.2009.00871.x
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    1. A. A. Anokhin & S. S. Lachininskii & D. V. Zhitin & A. V. Shendrik & N. M. Mezhevich & A. I. Krasnov, 2017. "Post-Soviet urban environment: the experience of St. Petersburg," Regional Research of Russia, Springer, vol. 7(3), pages 249-258, July.
    2. Nadir Kinossian, 2017. "Re-colonising the Arctic: The preparation of spatial planning policy in Murmansk Oblast, Russia," Environment and Planning C, , vol. 35(2), pages 221-238, March.
    3. Martin Müller, 2011. "State Dirigisme in Megaprojects: Governing the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 43(9), pages 2091-2108, September.
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    5. Andrea Glauser, 2022. "High-Rises and Urban Specificity: Politics of Vertical Construction in Paris, London, and Vienna," Urban Planning, Cogitatio Press, vol. 7(4), pages 284-297.
    6. Monika Grubbauer, 2014. "Architecture, Economic Imaginaries and Urban Politics: The Office Tower as Socially Classifying Device," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 38(1), pages 336-359, January.

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