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Ethical Frameworks and Planning Theory

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  • Heather Campbell
  • Robert Marshall

Abstract

The turbulence which characterized the 1980s created uncertainty as to the role and purpose of planning in liberal democracies. Instrumental rationality is no longer defensible as a guiding doctrine and major questions arise concerning the relationship of planning to the market economy and the political process. The realization that the problems confronting planners are not amenable to technocratic solutions has led to recognition of the political and therefore essentially ethical nature of the planning activity. However, whilst there is widespread recognition that fundamental ethical dilemmas underpin both planning practice and theory, little explicit consideration has been given to the nature of the normative frameworks available. The purpose of this paper is to critically review the ethical frames of reference implied in the most influential theories within planning and to evaluate their relevance to practice. The paper highlights the extent to which debate has been, and continues to be, dominated by procedural questions, the rejection of universalism in favour of relativity and subjectivity, and a focus on individual interests rather than more general concern with the common good. Reluctance to engage with debates of a more foundational nature concerning ends and values is questioned and planning theorists are urged to reconnect with the fundamental issue of planning’s contribution to the creation of desirable futures. — Les troubles et difficultés des années quatre‐vingt ont créé une incertitude quant au rôle et aux objectifs de la planification dans les démocracies libérales. La rationalité instrumentale comme doctrine dirigeante n’est plus défendable et des questions importantes se posent quant à la relation de la planification avec l’économie de marché et le processus politique. Les responsables de la planification ont puis conscience du fait que les problèmes qu’ils recontraient ne pouvaient pas être résolvé de manière technocratique – cela les a conduit à prendre en compte la dimension politique et donc fondamentalement éthique de la planification. Néanmoins, malgré la reconnaissance générale des dilemmes éthiques qui sont derrière la pratique et la théorie de la planification, la nature des structures normatives disponibles a rarement été puis en compte. Le but de cet article est de faire une revue critique des systèmes de référence implicites dans les théories de la planification les plus influentes et d’évaluer leur applicabilité pratique. L’article souligne à quel point le débat a été et reste dominé par des questions de procédure, par le rejet de l’universalisme en faveur de la relativité et de la subjectivité, et par une attention particulière donné aux intérêts individuels plutôt que par une préoccupation plus générale pour le bien commun. Le refus de considérer des problèmes plus fondamentaux concernant les fins et les valeurs est mis en cause. Les théoriciens de la planification doivent revenir à la question fondamentale de la contribution de la planification à la création d’un avenir meilleur.

Suggested Citation

  • Heather Campbell & Robert Marshall, 1999. "Ethical Frameworks and Planning Theory," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 23(3), pages 464-478, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:23:y:1999:i:3:p:464-478
    DOI: 10.1111/1468-2427.00208
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    Cited by:

    1. Ernest Uwayezu & Walter T. De Vries, 2018. "Indicators for Measuring Spatial Justice and Land Tenure Security for Poor and Low Income Urban Dwellers," Land, MDPI, vol. 7(3), pages 1-34, July.
    2. Jason Slade & Malcolm Tait & Andy Inch, 2022. "‘We need to put what we do in my dad’s language, in pounds, shillings and pence’: Commercialisation and the reshaping of public-sector planning in England," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 59(2), pages 397-413, February.
    3. Gerard A. Hoekveld, 2008. "Applied Geography And Ethics In Spatial Planning: The Dutch National Spatial Strategy 2006," Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, Royal Dutch Geographical Society KNAG, vol. 99(2), pages 223-237, April.
    4. Hysing, Erik, 2015. "Citizen participation or representative government – Building legitimacy for the Gothenburg congestion tax," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 1-8.
    5. Robert W. Lake, 2016. "Justice As Subject and Object of Planning," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 40(6), pages 1205-1220, November.
    6. Segrave, A.J. (Andrew) & van der Zouwen, M.W. (Mariëlle) & van Vierssen, W. (Wim), 2014. "Water planning: From what Time Perspective?," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 157-167.

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