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Urban restructuring in China’s emerging market economy: towards a framework for analysis

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  • Fulong Wu

Abstract

The objective of this article is to speculate on the urban restructuring process in China’s transition to a market economy. Previous studies suggest that a broad theoretical framework is much needed to develop hypotheses for further empirical studies. This paper draws its insights from relevant studies on contemporary capitalist cities, in particular, political economy analysis of the urban process and capital switching, the structure of building provision and the creation of a rent gap, and institutional analysis of property rights. Summarily, it suggests that the basic logic of production in the context of a socialist city requires a specific way of coordinating — through economic planning and a specific configuration — the state work‐unit system. Manifested in the production of the built environment was project‐specific development. The structural tendency to disinvest in developed land has engendered a rent gap, which has laid the foundation for the phase of redevelopment in reforming socialist economies. Urban restructuring in the recent emerging market economy, which mainly involves decentralization, reorganizing the production of the built environment, and an increasing local‐global link through overseas capital, is understood through this perspective. The post‐reform built environment is characterized by land‐use restructuring and polycentric development. It is argued that the physical reshaping of Chinese cities can be understood with respect to the redefinition of property rights, hence, capturing the rent gap by the main actors — state work‐units, municipalities, the central state, real‐estate investors, original residents and farmers. By its nature, the process favours big builders who have either de facto rights over existing urban land property or huge capital that enables them to ‘wipe out’ small owners. Western experience of gentrification reminds us that social problems may be created during the process, which calls for continuing insights to shed light on urban restructuring in post‐reform China. L’objectif de cet article est de spéculer sur le processus de restructuration urbaine durant la période de transition de la Chine à une économie de marché. Les études précédentes suggèrent qu’un modèle théorique large est absolument nécessaire pour développer des hypothèses pour des études empiriques additionnelles. Cet article tire ses idées des études des villes capitalistes contemporaines, en particulier des analyses d’économie politique du processus urbain et du tranfert de capitaux, de la structure de la provision de bâtiments et de l’écart entre les loyers, et de l’analyse institutionnelle des droits de propriété. Succintement, cet article suggère que la logique fondamentale de la production dans le contexte d’une ville socialiste demande une méthode particulière de coordination — par la planification économique et une configuration spécifique — le système d’unité de travail de l’état. Le développement spécific de certains projets était manifeste dans la production de l’environnement urbain. La tendance structurelle au désinvestissement des terres développées a produit un écart dans les loyers, qui a créé une base pour une phase de redéveloppement des économies socialistes en réforme. La restructuration urbaine dans l’économie de marché naissante, qui implique principalement la décentralisation, la réorganisation de la production de l’environnement urbain, et, de plus en plus, un lien entre le local et le global grâce au capital d’outremer, peut être comprise dans cette perspective. L’environnement urbain d’après les réformes est caractérisé par la restructuration de l’aménagement du territoire et le développement polycentrique. Cet article soutient que le remaniement physique des villes chinoises peut être compris par rapport à la redéfinition des droits de propriété, et l’écart des loyers est donc accaparé par les agents principaux — les unités de travail de l’état, les municipalités, l’état central, les investisseurs immobiliers, les résidents d’origine et les fermiers. Vu sa nature, ce processus favorise les gros entrepreneurs qui ont soit les droits de facto aux terres urbaines existantes soit des capitaux considérables qui leur permettent de ‘liquider’ les petits propriétaires. L’expérience occidentale d’embourgeoisement nous rappelle que les problèmes sociaux peuvent être créés durant ce processus, qui demande une attention continue afin d’expliquer la restructuration urbaine dans la Chine d’après les réformes.

Suggested Citation

  • Fulong Wu, 1997. "Urban restructuring in China’s emerging market economy: towards a framework for analysis," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 21(4), pages 640-663, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:21:y:1997:i:4:p:640-663
    DOI: 10.1111/1468-2427.00106
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    Cited by:

    1. Si-ming Li, 2000. "Housing Consumption in Urban China: A Comparative Study of Beijing and Guangzhou," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 32(6), pages 1115-1134, June.
    2. Hai-Min Lyu & Wen-Chieh Cheng & Jack Shuilong Shen & Arul Arulrajah, 2018. "Investigation of Collapsed Building Incidents on Soft Marine Deposit: Both from Social and Technical Perspectives," Land, MDPI, vol. 7(1), pages 1-12, February.
    3. Tsu Lung Chou & Yu Chun Lin, 2007. "Industrial Park Development across the Taiwan Strait," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 44(8), pages 1405-1425, July.
    4. Yong Liu & Wenze Yue & Peilei Fan & Yi Peng & Zhengtao Zhang, 2016. "Financing China's Suburbanization: Capital Accumulation through Suburban Land Development in Hangzhou," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 40(6), pages 1112-1133, November.
    5. Cheng Liu & Yu Deng & Weixuan Song & Qiyan Wu & Jian Gong, 2021. "Differentiation under capitalism: Genesis and consequences of the rent gap," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 53(7), pages 1770-1788, October.
    6. You-Ren Yang & Chih-hui Chang, 2007. "An Urban Regeneration Regime in China: A Case Study of Urban Redevelopment in Shanghai's Taipingqiao Area," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 44(9), pages 1809-1826, August.
    7. Hyun Bang Shin, 2009. "Residential Redevelopment and the Entrepreneurial Local State: The Implications of Beijing’s Shifting Emphasis on Urban Redevelopment Policies," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 46(13), pages 2815-2839, December.
    8. Junxi Qian & Shenjing He, 2012. "Rethinking Social Power and the Right to the City Amidst China's Emerging Urbanism," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 44(12), pages 2801-2816, December.
    9. Daniel You-Ren Yang & Hung-Kai Wang, 2008. "Dilemmas of Local Governance under the Development Zone Fever in China: A Case Study of the Suzhou Region," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 45(5-6), pages 1037-1054, May.
    10. Chengri Ding, 2004. "Urban Spatial Development in the Land Policy Reform Era: Evidence from Beijing," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 41(10), pages 1889-1907, September.
    11. Feng, Rundong & Wang, Kaiyong, 2021. "Spatiotemporal effects of administrative division adjustment on urban expansion in China," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C).
    12. Chuanglin Fang & Yichun Xie, 2008. "Site Planning and Guiding Principles of Hi-Tech Parks in China: Shenzhen as a Case Study," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 35(1), pages 100-121, February.
    13. Bin Li & Kaihan Yang & Konstantin E. Axenov & Long Zhou & Huiming Liu, 2022. "Trade-Offs, Adaptation and Adaptive Governance of Urban Regeneration in Guangzhou, China (2009–2019)," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-22, December.
    14. George C. S. Lin, 2001. "Metropolitan Development in a Transitional Socialist Economy: Spatial Restructuring in the Pearl River Delta, China," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 38(3), pages 383-406, March.

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