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Farmer Protests in Europe 2023–2024

Author

Listed:
  • Robert Finger
  • Anna Fabry
  • Marie Kammer
  • Jeroen Candel
  • Tobias Dalhaus
  • Eva Marie Meemken

Abstract

In 2023–2024, farmer protests swept across Europe, with tractors blocking roads and supermarkets, drawing significant media attention. Unlike previous protests, these events spread continent‐wide, suggesting a contagion effect. This paper documents the surge in farmer protests, explores their triggers and underlying causes, and emphasizes the need for a just transition to sustainable food systems. The protests were sparked by proposed policy changes, tighter environmental regulations, perceived pressures on farm incomes and increased trade competition. However, the root causes varied by country. Swift policy responses at both national and EU levels included retracting controversial measures like the Sustainable Use of Pesticides Regulation, but these actions also hindered key initiatives for transitioning to more sustainable agri‐food systems. Moving forward, a comprehensive public debate on the future of Europe's agri‐food systems is crucial, focusing on balancing environmental sustainability with the economic viability of agriculture. A major political challenge will be moving beyond simplistic dichotomies to develop a vision for a food system that fosters synergies between farmer interests as well as environmental and social objectives. En 2023–2024, les manifestations d'agriculteurs ont balayé toute l'Europe, avec des tracteurs bloquant les routes et les supermarchés, attirant une attention médiatique importante. Contrairement aux manifestations précédentes, ces événements se sont répandus à l'échelle du continent, suggérant un effet de contagion. Cet article documente la montée de ces protestations, explore leurs déclencheurs et leurs causes sous‐jacentes, et souligne la nécessité d'une transition juste vers des systèmes alimentaires durables. Les protestations ont été déclenchées par des changements de politique proposés, des réglementations environnementales plus strictes, des pressions perçues sur les revenus agricoles et une concurrence commerciale accrue. Toutefois, les causes profondes varient selon les pays. Les réponses rapides des pouvoirs publics aux niveaux national et européen ont consisté notamment à retirer des mesures controversées telles que le règlement sur l'utilisation durable des pesticides, mais ces actions ont également entravé des initiatives clés de transition vers des systèmes agroalimentaires plus durables. À l'avenir, un débat public approfondi sur l'avenir des systèmes agroalimentaires européens est crucial, en se concentrant sur l'équilibre entre la durabilité environnementale et la viabilité économique de l'agriculture. Un défi majeur pour les pouvoirs publics consistera à dépasser les dichotomies simplistes pour développer une vision d'un système alimentaire qui favorise les synergies entre les intérêts des agriculteurs ainsi que les objectifs environnementaux et sociaux. In den Jahren 2023 und 2024 kam es in ganz Europa zu Protesten in der Landwirtschaft, bei denen Traktoren Straßen und Supermärkte blockierten. Die mediale Aufmerksamkeit war groß. Im Gegensatz zu früheren Protesten breiteten sich diese Ereignisse über ganz Europa aus, was auf einen ‚Ansteckungseffekt‘hindeutet. Wir zeigen in diesem Beitrag die Zunahme der Bauernproteste, untersuchen ihre Ursachen ‐ und betonen die Notwendigkeit eines gerechten Übergangs zu nachhaltigen Lebensmittelsystemen. Die Proteste wurden durch geplante Subventionskürzungen, strengere Umweltvorschriften, den wahrgenommenen Druck auf das landwirtschaftliche Einkommen und den zunehmenden Wettbewerb im Handel ausgelöst. Die Ursachen waren jedoch von Land zu Land unterschiedlich. Zu den unmittelbaren politischen Reaktionen sowohl auf nationaler als auch auf EU‐Ebene gehörte die Rücknahme umstrittener Maßnahmen wie der Verordnung über die nachhaltige Verwendung von Pestiziden. Allerdings wurden hierdurch auch wichtige Entwicklungen für den Übergang zu nachhaltigeren Agrar‐ und Ernährungssystemen verhindert. Für die Zukunft ist daher eine umfassende öffentliche Debatte von entscheidender Bedeutung, bei der es darum geht, ein Gleichgewicht zwischen ökologischer Nachhaltigkeit und wirtschaftlicher Tragfähigkeit der Landwirtschaft herzustellen. Eine große politische Herausforderung wird darin bestehen, von vereinfachenden Gegensätzen wegzukommen und eine Vision für ein Ernährungssystem zu entwickeln, das Synergien zwischen den Interessen der Landwirtschaft und den ökologischen und sozialen Zielen fördert.

Suggested Citation

  • Robert Finger & Anna Fabry & Marie Kammer & Jeroen Candel & Tobias Dalhaus & Eva Marie Meemken, 2024. "Farmer Protests in Europe 2023–2024," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 23(3), pages 59-63, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:eurcho:v:23:y:2024:i:3:p:59-63
    DOI: 10.1111/1746-692X.12452
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Matthews Alan, 2024. "Farmer Protests and the 2024 European Parliament Elections," Intereconomics: Review of European Economic Policy, Sciendo, vol. 59(2), pages 83-87, March.
    2. Resnick, Danielle & Swinnen, Johan, 2023. "The political economy of food system transformation: Pathways to progress in a polarized world," IFPRI synopses 136909, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    3. Finger, Robert & Schneider, Kevin & Candel, Jeroen & Möhring, Niklas, 2024. "Europe needs better pesticide policies to reduce impacts on biodiversity," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 125(C).
    4. Meuwissen, Miranda P.M. & Feindt, Peter H. & Midmore, Peter & Wauters, Erwin & Finger, Robert & Appel, Franziska & Spiegel, Alisa & Mathijs, Erik & Termeer, Katrien J.A.M. & Balmann, Alfons & de Mey, , 2020. "The struggle of farming systems in Europe: Looking for explanations through the lens of resilience," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 19(2), pages 4-11.
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    1. Czubak, Wawrzyniec & Bartkowiak, Zofia & Majchrzak, Weronika, . "Społeczny wymiar protestów rolniczych w kontekście wyzwań środowiskowo-klimatycznych w sektorze rolnym," Problems of World Agriculture / Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, vol. 25(1).
    2. Elisabeth Christen & Gabriel Felbermayr & Hans Pitlik & Franz Sinabell, 2026. "Options for Implementing the Polluter Pays Principle in Agriculture. A New Approach for the EU's Common Agricultural Policy," WIFO Studies, WIFO, number 66595070.
    3. Antón, Jesús & Asai,Masayasu & Vanni,Francesco, 2025. "Towards a new policy narrative for agriculture: capturing social sustainability issues," Bio-based and Applied Economics Journal, Italian Association of Agricultural and Applied Economics (AIEAA), vol. 14(3).

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