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Scale, Organization, and Profitability of Ethanol Processing

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  • Paul Gallagher
  • Hosein Shapouri
  • Heather Brubaker

Abstract

We analyze the appropriate size and implied profitability of a representative ethanol processing firm. An analysis based on current processing technology and costs with typical conditions in Iowa product and input markets is useful; because unit production costs have declined 30% in current dollars over the last 15 years; and because discovering a suitable size for processing facilities has been an important part of the cost‐reducing process. We apply theoretical plant size rules for a conventional processing business, an integrated producer/processor enterprise, and a processing cooperative. We also introduce a spatial dimension for the corn input market, because ethanol processing facilities can be uniquely large among agri‐processing enterprises. The analysis supports three conclusions. First, the most appropriate size may still be larger than many of the recently constructed plants. Second, ethanol processing is a profitable enterprise; for instance, we calculate a return on capital of 14% for a processing business with optimal scale, current costs and technology, and typical market conditions. Third, total producer plus processor profits can be improved moderately, about $0.04/bushel of corn processed, with an integrated producer/processor enterprise; the producer enterprise sets the local corn price through processing capacity, in a fashion that offsets some potential monopsony power. Nous avons analysé la taille appropriée et la rentabilité implicite d'une usine de transformation d'éthanol représentative. Une analyse fondée sur la technologie de transformation et les coûts actuels tenant compte du marché des produits et des intrants en Iowa s'est révélée utile étant donné que les coûts de l'unité de production ont diminué de 30% en dollars courants au cours des 15 dernières années et que la détermination de la taille appropriée des installations de transformation est un élément important du processus de réduction des coûts. Nous avons appliqué les règles théoriques concernant la taille dans le cas d'une usine de transformation classique, d'une entreprise intégrée de production‐transformation et d'une coopérative de transformation. Nous avons également présenté une dimension spatiale du marché de l'intrant de maïs, étant donné que la taille des installations de transformation d'éthanol peut être importante comparativement aux autres entreprises de transformation de produits agricoles. L'analyse a permis de dégager trois conclusions. Premièrement, la taille la plus appropriée pourrait bien être supérieure à celle de nombreuses installations récentes. Deuxièmement, la transformation de l'éthanol est une activité rentable; par exemple, nous avons calculé un rendement du capital de 14% pour une entreprise de transformation exploitant à une échelle optimale, avec une technologie et des coûts actuels optimaux et profitant des conditions du marché typiques. Troisièmement, les bénéfices du producteur et du transformateur peuvent augmenter légèrement, d'environ 0,04 $/boisseau de maïs transformé, dans le cas d'une entreprise intégrée de production−transformation; l'entreprise du producteur établit le prix du maïs local en fonction de la capacité de production de manière à contrebalancer le pouvoir de monopsone potentiel.

Suggested Citation

  • Paul Gallagher & Hosein Shapouri & Heather Brubaker, 2007. "Scale, Organization, and Profitability of Ethanol Processing," Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, Canadian Agricultural Economics Society/Societe canadienne d'agroeconomie, vol. 55(1), pages 63-81, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:canjag:v:55:y:2007:i:1:p:63-81
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7976.2007.00080.x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Gustafson, Cole R., 2002. "Potential Corn Acreage Expansion For Ethanol Production: Western North Dakota," Agribusiness & Applied Economics Report 23593, North Dakota State University, Department of Agribusiness and Applied Economics.
    2. Gustafson, Cole R., 2002. "Potential Corn Acreage Expansion For Ethanol Production: Western North Dakota--Minot," Agribusiness & Applied Economics Report 23582, North Dakota State University, Department of Agribusiness and Applied Economics.
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    Cited by:

    1. Henderson, Jason R. & Gloy, Brent A., 2008. "The Impact of Ethanol Plants on Land Values in the Great Plains," 2007 Agricultural and Rural Finance Markets in Transition, October 4-5, 2007, St. Louis, Missouri 48148, Regional Research Committee NC-1014: Agricultural and Rural Finance Markets in Transition.
    2. Brent A. Gloy & Jason Henderson, 2008. "The impact of ethanol plants on cropland values in the Great Plains," Regional Research Working Paper RRWP 08-01, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City.
    3. Juan P. Sesmero & Richard K. Perrin & Lilyan E. Fulginiti, 2016. "A Variable Cost Function for Corn Ethanol Plants in the Midwest," Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, Canadian Agricultural Economics Society/Societe canadienne d'agroeconomie, vol. 64(3), pages 565-587, September.
    4. Cai, Xiaowei & Stiegert, Kyle W., 2014. "Market Analysis of Ethanol Capacity," International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, International Food and Agribusiness Management Association, vol. 17(1), pages 1-12, February.
    5. Paul W. Gallagher, 2009. "Roles for evolving markets, policies, and technology improvements in U.S. corn ethanol industry development," Regional Economic Development, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, issue Apr, pages 12-33.
    6. Henderson, Jason R. & Gloy, Brent A., 2008. "The Impact of Ethanol Plants on Cropland Values in the Great Plains," Working Papers 51080, Cornell University, Department of Applied Economics and Management.

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    2. Gallagher, Paul & Shapouri, Hosein & Brubaker, Heather, 2007. "Scale, Organization, and Profitability of Ethanol Processing," ISU General Staff Papers 200703010800001439, Iowa State University, Department of Economics.
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