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Understanding the factors influencing the human development index of Asian nations using path analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Ronel Geraldizo Dagohoy

    (University of Southeastern Philippines, Davao City, PH)

  • Joeteddy Barzaga Bugarin

    (University of Southeastern Philippines, Davao City, PH)

  • Leomarich Fortugaliza Casinillo

    (Visayas State University, Baybay City, Leyte, PH)

Abstract

This study explores the factors influencing the Human Development Index (HDI) in Asian nations, focusing on Gross National Income (GNI) and the Gender Development Index (GDI) as key determinants. Using path analysis, the research analyzes secondary data from the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Human Development Report for 2021 - 2022. The findings indicate that GNI (economic growth) and GDI (gender equality) have significant positive impacts on HDI, emphasizing the importance of economic prosperity and gender parity in fostering human development across Asia. Grounded in Amartya Sen’s capability approach, which prioritizes individual freedoms and choices, the study suggests region-specific policies. These include promoting economic diversification strategies tailored to emerging economies, enhancing technology and service sectors in middle-income countries, and expanding vocational training programs in lower-income nations to address skills gaps. For countries with significant gender disparities, robust policies that ensure equal access to education and employment for women are recommended. Additionally, prioritizing maternal and child healthcare improvements, particularly in less developed regions, can elevate overall well-being. By adopting these targeted strategies, Asian countries can achieve sustainable human development, creating societies where all individuals can lead fulfilling lives.

Suggested Citation

  • Ronel Geraldizo Dagohoy & Joeteddy Barzaga Bugarin & Leomarich Fortugaliza Casinillo, 2025. "Understanding the factors influencing the human development index of Asian nations using path analysis," HO CHI MINH CITY OPEN UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE - ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION, HO CHI MINH CITY OPEN UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE, HO CHI MINH CITY OPEN UNIVERSITY, vol. 15(5), pages 3-22.
    • Handle: RePEc:bjw:econen:v:15:y:2025:i:5:p:3-22
    DOI: 10.46223/HCMCOUJS.econ.en.15.5.3726.2025
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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • I25 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Education and Economic Development
    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
    • O15 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Economic Development: Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration

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