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Can China turn the climate transition challenge into an opportunity?
[La Chine peut-elle transformer le défi de la transition climatique en opportunité ?]

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  • Bruno Cabrillac
  • Camille Macaire

Abstract

China emits a third of the world’s CO2. Although China’s per capita emissions are still lower than the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries’ average, the issue of energy transition is crucial to the global climate challenge. It is also crucial to the sustainability of the Chinese economic model, which is one of the most exposed to the physical risks of climate change. The Chinese authorities have formally undertaken to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060, and have clearly initiated this transition. However, the objective of carbon neutrality can only be achieved with policies and resources that are far more ambitious than those announced.China could turn the climate challenge into an opportunity, by providing the renewable energy production capacity for which it is currently well positioned, thereby tapping into new sources of growth. But here again, the challenges will be manifold. La Chine émet un tiers du CO2 de la planète. Bien que les émissions par personne y restent inférieures à la moyenne de l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques (OCDE), la question de la transition énergétique y est cruciale pour les enjeux climatiques à l’échelle mondiale. Elle l’est également pour la soutenabilité du modèle économique chinois, parmi les plus exposés aux risques physiques du changement climatique. Les autorités chinoises se sont formellement engagées à atteindre la neutralité carbone d’ici 2060, et ont clairement initié cette transition. Cependant, l’objectif de neutralité carbone ne pourra être atteint qu’avec des politiques et des moyens bien plus ambitieux que ceux annoncés. La Chine pourrait transformer le défi climatique en opportunité, en fournissant des capacités de production d’énergie renouvelable pour lesquelles elle est aujourd’hui bien positionnée, trouvant ainsi de nouveaux relais de croissance. Mais là encore, les défis seront nombreux.

Suggested Citation

  • Bruno Cabrillac & Camille Macaire, 2023. "Can China turn the climate transition challenge into an opportunity? [La Chine peut-elle transformer le défi de la transition climatique en opportunité ?]," Bulletin de la Banque de France, Banque de France, issue 246.
  • Handle: RePEc:bfr:bullbf:2023:246:03
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jean Chateau & Ms. Wenjie Chen & Ms. Florence Jaumotte & Karlygash Zhunussova, 2022. "A Comprehensive Package of Macroeconomic Policy Measures for Implementing China’s Climate Mitigation Strategy," IMF Working Papers 2022/142, International Monetary Fund.
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