IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bcp/journl/v9y2025issue-6p3000-3010.html

Kenya’s Public Diplomatic Initiatives in Enhancing Peaceful Co-Existence among Ethnic Somalis in Bur Ache, Somalia and Mandera County, Kenya

Author

Listed:
  • Barako Mariko Galgallo

    (Department of Security, Diplomacy and Peace Studies, Kenyatta University)

  • Ngari Lazarus Kinyua

    (Department of Security, Diplomacy and Peace Studies, Kenyatta University)

Abstract

This study investigated Kenya’s public diplomatic initiatives in enhancing peaceful co-existence among ethnic Somalis in Bur Ache, Somalia and Mandera County, Kenya. The strategies, achievements and challenges to Kenya public diplomatic initiatives in Bur Ache were examined. This study was informed by two complementary theories namely; Realism and Liberalism. Anchored on realism and liberalism this study considered public diplomacy in the context of broader social relations emphasizing that both states interests that are not necessarily pursued through the use of force, can still be achieved through the use soft power to influence foreign publics. This study employed both primary and secondary sources of data collection. A total of 380 respondents were selected for field interviews. Questionnaires were distributed to 360 residents, 180 each from Bur Ache and Mandera who were selected through random probability sampling. Interview schedules were administered to 20 purposively selected respondents who included; Diplomats, Officials of International NGOs, Clan elders and Muslim Clergy. Data collected was analyzed and interpreted quantitatively and qualitatively. The study found out that the Kenya Government has put in place effective public diplomatic strategies to enhance peaceful co-existence among ethnic Somalis in Bur Ache Region and Mandera County. It was also observed that the Kenya Government has made great achievements in its public diplomatic efforts in enhancing peaceful co-existence among ethnic Somalis in Bur Ache Region and Mandera County. Furthermore, it was noted that here exist a number of challenges faced by the Government of Kenya in its public diplomatic efforts in enhancing peaceful co-existence among ethnic Somalis in Bur Ache Region and Mandera County. This study recommended that additional efforts should be made by government through public diplomacy to increase pursuance of Kenya’s Foreign Policy in the Bur Ache Region. Additionally, the government of Kenya should come up with strategies to mitigate challenges faced by public diplomacy towards residents of Bur Ache.

Suggested Citation

  • Barako Mariko Galgallo & Ngari Lazarus Kinyua, 2025. "Kenya’s Public Diplomatic Initiatives in Enhancing Peaceful Co-Existence among Ethnic Somalis in Bur Ache, Somalia and Mandera County, Kenya," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 9(6), pages 3000-3010, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:bcp:journl:v:9:y:2025:issue-6:p:3000-3010
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-9-issue-6/3000-3010.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/articles/kenyas-public-diplomatic-initiatives-in-enhancing-peaceful-co-existence-among-ethnic-somalis-in-bur-ache-somalia-and-mandera-county-kenya/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Elena Gurgu & Aristide-Dumitru Cociuban, 2016. "The Role Of Public Diplomacy In International Relations In Full Process Of Globalization," Annals of Spiru Haret University, Economic Series, Universitatea Spiru Haret, vol. 7(2), pages 125-143.
    2. Nicholas J. Cull, 2008. "Public Diplomacy: Taxonomies and Histories," The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, , vol. 616(1), pages 31-54, March.
    3. Eytan Gilboa, 2008. "Searching for a Theory of Public Diplomacy," The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, , vol. 616(1), pages 55-77, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Steven L. Pike, 2023. "What diplomats do: US citizen perspectives on the work of public diplomacy," Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 19(4), pages 442-455, December.
    2. Yelena Osipova-Stocker & Eulynn Shiu & Thomas Layou & Shawn Powers, 2022. "Assessing impact in global media: methods, innovations, and challenges," Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 18(3), pages 287-304, September.
    3. Steven L. Pike & Dennis F. Kinsey, 2024. "Diplomatic identity and communication: using Q methodology to assess subjective perceptions of diplomatic practitioners," Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 20(1), pages 66-75, March.
    4. Hendrik W. Ohnesorge, 2022. "The method of comparative-historical analysis: a tailor-made approach to public diplomacy research," Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 18(3), pages 261-271, September.
    5. Andrea Pavón-Guinea & Mónica Codina, 2024. "Public diplomacy: a framework-based literature review and decentering research agenda," Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 20(3), pages 255-274, September.
    6. Biyun Zhu, 2023. "Tool selection for public diplomacy flagships: toward an adaptive model," Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 19(1), pages 42-53, March.
    7. Matthew T. Palmer & Eugene Bempong Nyantakyi & Jami A. Fullerton, 2023. "The US Peace Corps as a public diplomacy strategy," Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 19(1), pages 15-29, March.
    8. Kadir Jun Ayhan & Efe Sevin, 2022. "Moving public diplomacy research forward: methodological approaches," Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 18(3), pages 201-203, September.
    9. Elvis Madondo & Hummerly Dhobha, 2025. "Strategic communication and foreign direct investment (FDI) in the post-Mugabe era: A review of government campaigns and economic impact," International Journal of Business Ecosystem & Strategy (2687-2293), Bussecon International Academy, vol. 7(2), pages 479-486, April.
    10. Imran Hasnat & Glenn Leshner, 2022. "Experimental methods in public diplomacy," Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 18(3), pages 254-260, September.
    11. Steven L. Pike, 2022. "Using Q methodology to augment evaluation of public diplomacy programs," Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 18(3), pages 240-253, September.
    12. Isabelle Karlsson, 2024. "Legitimating Policy Branding: Constructing “Sellability” of Sweden’s Feminist Foreign Policy," Media and Communication, Cogitatio Press, vol. 12.
    13. Yoav Dubinsky, 2023. "The Olympic Games, nation branding, and public diplomacy in a post-pandemic world: Reflections on Tokyo 2020 and beyond," Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 19(3), pages 386-397, September.
    14. Seow Ting Lee, 2022. "Film as cultural diplomacy: South Korea’s nation branding through Parasite (2019)," Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 18(2), pages 93-104, June.
    15. Yoav Dubinsky, 2023. "Country image, cultural diplomacy, and sports during the COVID19 pandemic: Brand America and Super Bowl LV," Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 19(3), pages 249-265, September.
    16. Mihails Potapovs, 2024. "Place branding: is it public policy, or isn’t it?," Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 20(3), pages 275-292, September.
    17. Blerim Limani & Emira Limani, 2022. "“Let us talk”: incorporating the Coordinated Management of Meaning’s communication perspective as part of public diplomacy efforts between government, the private sector, and the foreign public," Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 9(1), pages 1-7, December.
    18. Yoav Dubinsky, 2023. "Sports, Brand America and U.S. public diplomacy during the presidency of Donald Trump," Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 19(1), pages 167-180, March.
    19. Inês Guerra Santos & Simone Antoniaci Tuzzo & Fábia Borges & Maria Manuel Sá, 2025. "From Technology to Social Inclusion: Citizens’ Perceptions and Priorities About Smart Cities in the District of Porto, Portugal," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-22, September.
    20. Olga Krasnyak, 2023. "The Cold War statecraft and public diplomacy: assessing US-Soviet scientific-technical exchanges," Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 19(1), pages 54-63, March.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bcp:journl:v:9:y:2025:issue-6:p:3000-3010. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Dr. Pawan Verma (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.