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The longevity gap between black and white men in the united states at the beginning and end of the 20th century

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  • Sloan, F.A.
  • Ayyagari, P.
  • Salm, M.
  • Grossman, D.

Abstract

Objectives. We sought to assess whether the disparity in mortality rates between Black and White men decreased from the beginning to the end of the 20th century. Methods. We used Cox proportional hazard models for mortality to estimate differences in longevity between Black and White Civil War veterans from 1900 to 1914 (using data from a pension program) and a later cohort of male participants (using data from the 1992 to 2006 Health and Retirement Study). In sensitivity analysis, we compared relative survival of veterans for alternative baseline years through 1914. Results. In our survival analysis, the Black-White male difference in mortality, both unadjusted and adjusted for other influences, did not decrease from the beginning to the end of the 20th century. A 17% difference in Black-White mortality remained for the later cohort even after we controlled for other influences. Although we could control for fewer other influences on longevity, the Black-White differences in mortality for the earlier cohort was 18%. Conclusions. In spite of overall improvements in longevity, a major difference in Black-White male mortality persists.

Suggested Citation

  • Sloan, F.A. & Ayyagari, P. & Salm, M. & Grossman, D., 2010. "The longevity gap between black and white men in the united states at the beginning and end of the 20th century," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 100(2), pages 357-363.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/ajph.2008.158188_9
    DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2008.158188
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    Cited by:

    1. Jan L. M. Dhaene & Moshe A. Milevsky, 2024. "Egalitarian pooling and sharing of longevity risk', a.k.a. 'The many ways to skin a tontine cat," Papers 2402.00855, arXiv.org.
    2. Nicolle A Mode & Michele K Evans & Alan B Zonderman, 2016. "Race, Neighborhood Economic Status, Income Inequality and Mortality," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(5), pages 1-14, May.
    3. Ioana Popescu & Erin Duffy & Joshua Mendelsohn & José J Escarce, 2018. "Racial residential segregation, socioeconomic disparities, and the White-Black survival gap," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(2), pages 1-15, February.
    4. Teresa Ghilarducci & Kyle Moore, 2014. "The Racial Longevity Gap Past Age 65: Implications For Raising the Retirement Age," SCEPA policy note series. 2014-01, Schwartz Center for Economic Policy Analysis (SCEPA), The New School.
    5. Teresa Ghilarducci & Kyle Moore, 2015. "Racially Disparate Effects of Raising the Retirement Age," SCEPA working paper series. 2015-03, Schwartz Center for Economic Policy Analysis (SCEPA), The New School.
    6. Green, Tiffany L. & Hamilton, Tod G., 2013. "Beyond black and white: Color and mortality in post-reconstruction era North Carolina," Explorations in Economic History, Elsevier, vol. 50(1), pages 148-159.
    7. Ryan Masters & Robert Hummer & Daniel Powers & Audrey Beck & Shih-Fan Lin & Brian Finch, 2014. "Long-Term Trends in Adult Mortality for U.S. Blacks and Whites: An Examination of Period- and Cohort-Based Changes," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 51(6), pages 2047-2073, December.
    8. Bridget Fisher, 2015. "The Myth of Self-Financing: The Trade-Offs Behind the Hudson Yards Redevelopment Project," SCEPA working paper series. 2015-04, Schwartz Center for Economic Policy Analysis (SCEPA), The New School.

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