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Socioeconomic position and self-rated health: The contribution of childhood socioeconomic circumstances, adult socioeconomic status, and material resources

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  • Laaksonen, M.
  • Rahkonen, O.
  • Martikainen, P.
  • Lahelma, E.

Abstract

Objectives. We examined socioeconomic inequalities in self-rated health by analyzing indicators of childhood socioeconomic circumstances, adult socio-economic position, and current material resources. Methods. We collected data on middle-aged adults employed by the City of Helsinki (n = 8970; 67% response rate). Associations between 7 socioeconomic indicators and health self-ratings of less than "good" were examined with sequential logistic regression models. Results. After adjustment for age, each socioeconomic indicator was inversely associated with self-rated health. Childhood economic difficulties, but not parental education, were associated with health independently of all other socioeconomic indicators. The associations of respondents' own education and occupational class with health remained when adjusted for other socioeconomic indicators. Home ownership and economic difficulties, but not household income, were the material indicators associated with health after full adjustment. Conclusions. Own education and occupational class showed consistent associations with health, but the association with income disappeared after adjustment for other socioeconomic indicators. The effect of parental education on health was mediated by the respondent's own education. Both childhood and adulthood economic difficulties showed clear associations with health and with conventional socioeconomic indicators.

Suggested Citation

  • Laaksonen, M. & Rahkonen, O. & Martikainen, P. & Lahelma, E., 2005. "Socioeconomic position and self-rated health: The contribution of childhood socioeconomic circumstances, adult socioeconomic status, and material resources," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 95(8), pages 1403-1409.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/ajph.2004.047969_2
    DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2004.047969
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    1. Yuwei Qi & Annemarie Koster & Martin van Boxtel & Sebastian Köhler & Miranda Schram & Nicolaas Schaper & Coen Stehouwer & Hans Bosma, 2019. "Adulthood Socioeconomic Position and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus—A Comparison of Education, Occupation, Income, and Material Deprivation: The Maastricht Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-13, April.
    2. Ivan Cipin & Sime Smolic, 2013. "Socio-Economic Determinants of Health in Croatia: Insights from Four Cross-Sectional Surveys," Croatian Economic Survey, The Institute of Economics, Zagreb, vol. 15(1), pages 25-60, April.
    3. Frida Jonsson & Miguel San Sebastian & Lotta M J Strömsten & Anne Hammarström & Per E Gustafsson, 2016. "Life Course Pathways of Adversities Linking Adolescent Socioeconomic Circumstances and Functional Somatic Symptoms in Mid-Adulthood: A Path Analysis Study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(5), pages 1-16, May.
    4. Iveson, Matthew H. & Deary, Ian J., 2017. "Intergenerational social mobility and subjective wellbeing in later life," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 11-20.
    5. Yang Zhao & Beomsoo Kim, 2022. "Environmental Regulation and Chronic Conditions: Evidence from China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-17, October.
    6. Meiting Liu & Aki Koivula, 2021. "Silver Spoon and Green Lifestyle: A National Study of the Association between Childhood Subjective Socioeconomic Status and Adulthood Pro-Environmental Behavior in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-14, July.
    7. Miriam Del Socorro Herrera & Carlo Eduardo Medina-Solís & América Patricia Pontigo-Loyola & Rubén De la Rosa-Santillana & Leticia Ávila-Burgos & Rogelio José Scougall-Vilchis & Sonia Márquez-Rodríguez, 2017. "Socioeconomic Inequalities in Visits to the Dentist to Receive Professionally Applied Topical Fluoride in a Developing Country," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-10, August.
    8. Elo, Irma T. & Martikainen, Pekka & Myrskylä, Mikko, 2014. "Socioeconomic status across the life course and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in Finland," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 198-206.
    9. Weitoft, Gunilla Ringbäck & Hjern, Anders & Batljan, Ilija & Vinnerljung, Bo, 2008. "Health and social outcomes among children in low-income families and families receiving social assistance--A Swedish national cohort study," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 66(1), pages 14-30, January.
    10. Laura Ansala & Ulla Hämäläinen & Matti Sarvimäki, 2016. "Slipping through the Cracks of a Welfare State: Children of Immigrants in Finland," RF Berlin - CReAM Discussion Paper Series 1606, Rockwool Foundation Berlin (RF Berlin) - Centre for Research and Analysis of Migration (CReAM).
    11. Mäkinen, Tomi & Laaksonen, Mikko & Lahelma, Eero & Rahkonen, Ossi, 2006. "Associations of childhood circumstances with physical and mental functioning in adulthood," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 62(8), pages 1831-1839, April.
    12. Gorman, Bridget K. & Sivaganesan, Ahilan, 2007. "The role of social support and integration for understanding socioeconomic disparities in self-rated health and hypertension," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 65(5), pages 958-975, September.
    13. Takashi Oshio & Maki Umeda & Norito Kawakami, 2013. "Childhood Adversity and Adulthood Subjective Well-Being: Evidence from Japan," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 14(3), pages 843-860, June.
    14. Lahelma, Eero & Laaksonen, Mikko & Martikainen, Pekka & Rahkonen, Ossi & Sarlio-Lähteenkorva, Sirpa, 2006. "Multiple measures of socioeconomic circumstances and common mental disorders," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 63(5), pages 1383-1399, September.
    15. Paige N. Park, 2022. "Occupational Attainment Among Parents in Germany and the US 2000–2016: The Role of Gender and Immigration Status," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 41(6), pages 2447-2492, December.
    16. Khlat, Myriam & Jusot, Florence & Ville, Isabelle, 2009. "Social origins, early hardship and obesity: A strong association in women, but not in men?," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 68(9), pages 1692-1699, May.
    17. Delaruelle, Katrijn & Buffel, Veerle & Bracke, Piet, 2015. "Educational expansion and the education gradient in health: A hierarchical age-period-cohort analysis," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 79-88.
    18. Fubaihui Wang & Qingkai Zhen & Kaigang Li & Xu Wen, 2018. "Association of socioeconomic status and health-related behavior with elderly health in China," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(9), pages 1-14, September.
    19. Furnée, Carina A. & Pfann, Gerard A., 2010. "Individual vulnerability and the nurturing state: The case of self-reported health and relative income," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 71(1), pages 125-133, July.

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