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Out-of-pocket payments on health in Poland: Size, tendency and willingness to pay

Author

Listed:
  • Stanisława Golinowska

    (Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum Department of Health Economics and Social Security, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences Kraków Poland.)

  • Marzena Tambor

    (Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum Department of Health Economics and Social Security, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences Kraków Poland.
    Maastricht University Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI; Maastricht University Medical Center, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences Maastricht The Netherlands)

Abstract

In Poland, the low level of health care financing from public funds is becoming increasingly voiced and accepted as an argument not only for increasing health insurance contributions, but also for extending the scope of private funding. The objective of this paper is to analyze the level and structure of out-of-pocket expenditure in Poland as well as health care consumer characteristics influencing payments for health care and willingness to pay. The analysis relies on two main sources of micro data: the household budget surveys of the Central Statistical Office of Poland and a representative survey carried out in Poland in 2010. The results indicate that in the structure of out-of-pocket expenditure, spending on pharmaceuticals dominates (up to 80% of total out-of-pocket expenditure on health). The out-of-pocket expenditure on services most often refers to paying for out-patient specialists’ services, rehabilitation services and dental care, often in the private sector. Out-of-pocket expenditures are highest among population groups with high health needs (elderly, disabled, chronically ill) but also among individuals with high income. Polish consumers do not object to co-payments for health services with good quality and quick access. Greater stated willingness to pay characterizes younger people, those with higher income and better health.

Suggested Citation

  • Stanisława Golinowska & Marzena Tambor, 2012. "Out-of-pocket payments on health in Poland: Size, tendency and willingness to pay," Society and Economy, Akadémiai Kiadó, Hungary, vol. 34(2), pages 253-271, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:aka:soceco:v:34:y:2012:i:2:p:253-271
    Note: The study is financed by the European Commission under the 7th Framework Programme, Theme 8 Socio-economic Sciences and Humanities, Project ASSPRO CEE 2007 (Grant Agreement no. 217431). The views expressed in this publication are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Commission or its services.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Giannouchos, Theodoros V. & Ukert, Benjamin & Vozikis, Athanassios & Steletou, Evangelia & Souliotis, Kyriakos, 2021. "Informal out-of-pocket payments experience and individuals’ willingness-to-pay for healthcare services in Greece," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 125(6), pages 693-700.
    2. Danyliv, Andriy & Groot, Wim & Gryga, Irena & Pavlova, Milena, 2014. "Willingness and ability to pay for physician services in six Central and Eastern European countries," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 117(1), pages 72-82.
    3. Barbara Willems & Piet Bracke, 2018. "The education gradient in cancer screening participation: a consistent phenomenon across Europe?," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 63(1), pages 93-103, January.
    4. Wei Hsu & Chih-Hao Yang & Wen-Ping Fan, 2021. "A Study of Patients’ Willingness to Pay for a Basic Outpatient Copayment and Medical Service Quality in Taiwan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(12), pages 1-12, June.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    out-of-pocket payment; informal patient payments; willingness to pay; Poland;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I11 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Analysis of Health Care Markets
    • I18 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health

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