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Progressive income tax as a driver for the development of high-tech industries in Russia

Author

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  • Evgeny Balatsky
  • Nataly Ekimova

Abstract

The study tests the hypothesis that Russia’s transition from flat to progressive income taxation will produce revenue that would be sufficient for the advancement of high-tech industries. To test this hypothesis, we considered two scenarios of the reform – the two-tiered system, which has been implemented since 2021, and the project of a four-tiered system proposed by the Liberal Democratic Party. To estimate the effects of the tax reform, we calculated the revenues from taxing high-income taxpayer groups and subgroups at specific tax rates. As a result, it was found that the reform could produce 187 billion Rubles in extra revenue, which means that there is a vast discrepancy between the calculated estimates and the government’s expectations (60 billion Rubles). In other words, the Russian government significantly underestimates the potential of the income tax. According to the second scenario, which aims to build a more sophisticated income tax system, the revenue would be 1.1 trillion Rubles. Thus, a well-designed scale of the personal income tax will enable the government to considerably enhance this tool’s fiscal efficiency. The calculations of the extra revenue generated by the reform relied on the statistics of the World Inequality Database (WID) for 2019. To test the relevance of the input and output data, we conducted a comparative analysis at the micro-level by looking at the wage levels in Russian, American and European space corporations. We found that the micro-economic data are closer to the WID statistics rather than to Rosstat, which confirmed the accuracy of our results. Our calculations have confirmed the general hypothesis and showed that the extra revenue from the reform will enable the government to fully modernize microelectronics and the geothermal industry in Russia.

Suggested Citation

  • Evgeny Balatsky & Nataly Ekimova, 2021. "Progressive income tax as a driver for the development of high-tech industries in Russia," Journal of Tax Reform, Graduate School of Economics and Management, Ural Federal University, vol. 7(3), pages 212-230.
    • Handle: RePEc:aiy:jnljtr:v:7:y:2021:i:3:p:212-230
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.15826/jtr.2021.7.3.099
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Robert P. Hagemann & Brian R. Jones & Robert Bruce Montador, 1987. "Tax Reform in OECD Countries: Economic Rationale and Consequences," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 40, OECD Publishing.
    2. Marek Dabrowski & Magdalena Tomczynska, 2001. "Tax Reforms in Transition Economies – a Mixed Record and Complex Future Agenda," CASE Network Studies and Analyses 0231, CASE-Center for Social and Economic Research.
    3. S. Sinel'nikov-Murylev & S. Batkibekov & P. Kadochnikov & D. Nekipelov., 2003. "Assesment of the Results of Personal Income Tax Reform in Russia," VOPROSY ECONOMIKI, N.P. Redaktsiya zhurnala "Voprosy Economiki", vol. 6.
    4. Benjamin N. Livchits & Svetlana V. Livchits, 2018. "Poverty and Inequality in Income of the Population in Russia and Abroad. Part 2," Economics of Contemporary Russia, Regional Public Organization for Assistance to the Development of Institutions of the Department of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, issue 1.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    progressive taxation; personal income tax; PIT; effectiveness; industry analysis;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E62 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Fiscal Policy; Modern Monetary Theory
    • H21 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Efficiency; Optimal Taxation

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