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Who Will Harvest? Immigration Policy and Labor Dependence in Florida�s Specialty Crop Sectors

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Listed:
  • Haque, Samiul
  • Hammami, A. Malek
  • Khachatryan, Hayk

Abstract

Florida’s nursery, greenhouse, and floriculture (NGF) sector and fruit and vegetable (FV) sector are among the most labor-intensive in US agriculture, with hired labor comprising 25%-40% of production costs. Both depend heavily on unauthorized workers. Using a transparent simulation framework, we estimate the short-run effects of deporting 25%-75% of unauthorized workers. Results show substantial increases in production costs, reduced output, sales losses, and significant job cuts in both sectors. These findings underscore the sector’s vulnerability to mass deportation and highlight the urgent need for multipronged responses.

Suggested Citation

  • Haque, Samiul & Hammami, A. Malek & Khachatryan, Hayk, 2026. "Who Will Harvest? Immigration Policy and Labor Dependence in Florida�s Specialty Crop Sectors," Applied Economics Teaching Resources (AETR), Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 8(2).
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:aaeatr:410065
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    File URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/410065/files/Article%204%208%282%29%20AEEE_Choices7%20Proof%20Final.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Devadoss, Stephen & Luckstead, Jeff, 2026. "Growth in H-2A Workers’ Employment in US Agriculture," Choices: The Magazine of Food, Farm, and Resource Issues, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 41(1).
    2. Devadoss, Stephen, 2026. "Theme Overview: Implications of New Immigration Policies for Specific US Agricultural Sectors," Applied Economics Teaching Resources (AETR), Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 8(2).
    3. Simnitt, Skyler & Martin, Philip, . "U.S. Fruit and Vegetable Industries Try To Cope With Rising Labor Costs," Amber Waves:The Economics of Food, Farming, Natural Resources, and Rural America, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, vol. 2022.
    4. Simnitt, Skyler & Martin, Philip, 2022. "U.S. Fruit and Vegetable Industries Try To Cope With Rising Labor Costs," Amber Waves:The Economics of Food, Farming, Natural Resources, and Rural America, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, vol. 2022, December.
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