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Recent Studies Regarding the Safety and Efficacy of Bitter Orange Extract (P-Synephrine)

Author

Listed:
  • Sidney J Stohs

    (Creighton University Medical Center, USA)

  • Sidhartha D Ray

    (Manchester University College of Pharmacy, USA)

  • Howard Miller

    (Proformance Ingredients, USA)

Abstract

Citrus aurantium (bitter orange) extract and its primary protoalkaloidal constituent p-synephrine have been widely used for weight management, appetite suppression, sports performance, energy and focus. Although questions have been raised regarding the safety of p-synephrine, over 30 research studies involving over 700 human subjects as well as animal studies have demonstrated its safety and efficacy. No significant adverse effects were reported in any of these studies. In addition, in vitro studies have provided extensive data regarding the multiple mechanisms of action of bitter orange extract and p-synephrine which acts as a metabolic enhancer and thermogenic agent without cardiovascular stimulant properties.

Suggested Citation

  • Sidney J Stohs & Sidhartha D Ray & Howard Miller, 2018. "Recent Studies Regarding the Safety and Efficacy of Bitter Orange Extract (P-Synephrine)," Nutrition & Food Science International Journal, Juniper Publishers Inc., vol. 7(2), pages 44-47, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:adp:jnfsij:v:7:y:2018:i:2:p:44-47
    DOI: 10.19081/NFSIJ.2018.07.555708
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