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DNA: Damage and Repair Mechanisms in Humans

Author

Listed:
  • Shrinivas Sudhir Ambekar
  • Shanta Shrisel Hattur
  • Prajakta Budha Bule

    (Government College Of Pharmacy,Maharashtra India)

Abstract

Carrier of genetic instructions used in development, functioning and reproduction of all leaving organisms is a macromolecule called DNA. Alteration in chemical structure of DNA is DNA damage. It is due to two types of factors-Endogenous and Exogenous. DNA impairment affects reproductive system, cardiovascular system, lymphatic system, Nervous system and causes cancer, ageing and various diseases. DNA is repaired by various ways such as Base Excision Repair (BER), Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER), Mismatch Excision Repair (MMR) and Double Strand Break Repair (DSBR). BER mechanism is used when DNA is affected by reactive oxygen species, alkylating agents by oxidation or single strand break. This mechanism involves removal of base and then replacement. NER mechanism is used when DNA is affected by UV light and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by forming bulky adducts and intra-strand crosslink. This mechanism involves removal of DNA fragment and replacement. MMR mechanism is used when mismatch occurs within bases such as A-G pair and T-C pair. This acted by removal of strand followed by digestion and replacement. DSBR is another repair mechanism for damaged DNA by Homologous and Non-Homologous end joining. It includes unwinding, alignment and Ligation. In this Review we will study about DNA repair mechanisms and its consequences.

Suggested Citation

  • Shrinivas Sudhir Ambekar & Shanta Shrisel Hattur & Prajakta Budha Bule, 2017. "DNA: Damage and Repair Mechanisms in Humans," Global Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Juniper Publishers Inc., vol. 3(3), pages 58-66, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:adp:jgjpps:v:3:y:2017:i:3:p:58-66
    DOI: 10.19080/GJPPS.2017.03.555613
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Stephen P. Jackson & Jiri Bartek, 2009. "The DNA-damage response in human biology and disease," Nature, Nature, vol. 461(7267), pages 1071-1078, October.
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