Plant Microbiomes and Its Beneficial Multifunctional Plant Growth Promoting Attributes

rhizospheric soil are valuable natural resource harbouring hotspots of microbes, and it plays critical roles in the maintenance of global nutrient balance and ecosystem function. The diverse group of microbes is key components of soil-plant systems, where they are engaged in an intense network of interactions in the rhizosphere/phyllospheric/endophytic. The microbes with plant growth promoting (PGP) attributes have emerged as an important and promising tool for sustainable agriculture. PGP microbes promote plant growth and development directly or indirectly, either by releasing plant growth regulators/phytohormones; solubilization of phosphorus, potassium and zinc; biological nitrogen fixation or by producing siderophore, ammonia, HCN and other secondary metabolites which are antagonistic against pathogenic microbes. The PGP microbes belonged to different phylum of archaea (Euryarchaeota); bacteria (Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Deinococcus-Thermus, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria) and fungi (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota), which include different genera namely Achromobacter, Acinetobacter, Agrobacterium, Alcaligenes, Arthrobacter, Aspergillus, Azoarcus, Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Bacillus, Beijerinckia, Brevibacterium, Burkholderia, Collimonas,Curtobacterium, Diplococcus, Enterobacter, Erwinia, Flavobacterium, Flexibacterium, Gluconoacetobacter, Haloarcula, Halobacterium, Halococcus, Haloferax, Herbaspirillum, Klebsiella, Methylobacterium, Microbiospora, Micrococcus, Micromomospora, Nocardioides, PaeniBacillus, Pantoea, Penicillium, Piriformospora, Planomonospora, Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, Serratia, Streptomyces, Thermomonospora and Xanthomonas. These PGP microbes could be used as biofertilizers/bioinoculants at place of chemical fertilizers for sustainable agriculture.