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Bod and Cod Characteristics of Effluents from Formic Acid and Sodium Hydroxide Pulping of Kenaf Stem

Author

Listed:
  • Chukwudebelu JA

    (Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Nigeria)

  • Agunwamba JC

    (Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nigeria)

Abstract

The pulp and paper industry are considered as one of the major potential sources of pollution in the environment. Environmental effects have been attributed to chemicals introduced during the manufacturing process. Here, effluents from two chemical pulping processes were analyzed for Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD). A dewatered kenaf stem was cooked in the 20, 60 & 90 concentrations of formic acid and sodium hydroxide at time intervals of 1hr, 2hrs and 3hrs to compare the COD and BOD of their effluents for environmental friendliness.

Suggested Citation

  • Chukwudebelu JA & Agunwamba JC, 2019. "Bod and Cod Characteristics of Effluents from Formic Acid and Sodium Hydroxide Pulping of Kenaf Stem," International Journal of Environmental Sciences & Natural Resources, Juniper Publishers Inc., vol. 22(2), pages 45-51, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:adp:ijesnr:v:22:y:2019:i:2:p:45-51
    DOI: 10.19080/IJESNR.2019.22.556081
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    earth and environment journals; environment journals; open access environment journals; peer reviewed environmental journals; open access; juniper publishers; ournal of Environmental Sciences; juniper publishers journals ; juniper publishers reivew;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • R00 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General - - - General
    • Z0 - Other Special Topics - - General

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