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Effects of Sludge on the Concentration of Heavy Metals in Soil and Plants in Obunga Slum, Kisumu County, Kenya

Author

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  • Steve Omari Ngodhe

    (Department of Environmental sciences, Rongo University, Kenya)

Abstract

The Kisumu Water and Sewerage Company (KIWASCO) releases water with lesser amounts of solid materials removed from liquid sewage (sludge) which is currently being used by small scale farmers for irrigating vegetables such as kales, bananas and spinach for human consumption. There is possible contamination of sludge from industrial effluent, waste material or water containing heavy metals getting into the sewerage system with improper treatment to channel and remove the heavy metals. Contamination of Agricultural soil by heavy metals has become a critical environmental concern due to their potential ecological effects. Harmful metals present in the sludge may thereby lead to contamination of soil and plants. Some of the metals accumulate in the tissues of plants and animals which may end up in the human body and this might therefore cause deleterious health hazards to humans due to bioaccumulation. This paper aims at establishing the levels of some three selected heavy metals (lead, copper, and zinc) both in plants and soil. Sampling was done at various points of the farms surrounding the sewage plant by randomly selecting farm plots around the treatment plant in between January and June 2018. Five different plots were investigated, and the plant analyzed was kales.

Suggested Citation

  • Steve Omari Ngodhe, 2018. "Effects of Sludge on the Concentration of Heavy Metals in Soil and Plants in Obunga Slum, Kisumu County, Kenya," International Journal of Environmental Sciences & Natural Resources, Juniper Publishers Inc., vol. 15(3), pages 68-73, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:adp:ijesnr:v:15:y:2018:i:3:p:68-73
    DOI: 10.19080/IJESNR.2018.15.555912
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    Keywords

    earth and environment journals; environment journals; open access environment journals; peer reviewed environmental journals; open access; juniper publishers; ournal of Environmental Sciences; juniper publishers journals ; juniper publishers reivew;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • R00 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General - - - General
    • Z0 - Other Special Topics - - General

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