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Risk Factors, Biomarkers, Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Vascular Calcification Genesis and its Methods of Detection

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  • Leta Melaku

    (Assistant Professor of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Ethiopia)

Abstract

Vascular calcification has traditionally been a passive process. However, in the last years, it has been proven to be an actively regulated biological process that is associated with crystallization of hydroxyapatite in the extracellular matrix and in cells of the media (VCm) or intima (VCi) of the arterial wall. Corresponding to bone mineralization, different pro and anti-calcifying mechanisms play an active role in mineral deposition in vascular cells. Evidence from clinical observations, animal models, and molecular studies suggest factors that regulate bone cell differentiation and mineralization, including fetuin A, BMP-2, matrix gla protein, osteopontin, osteoprotegerin, and inorganic pyrophosphate are used as biomarkers of vascular calcification.

Suggested Citation

  • Leta Melaku, 2023. "Risk Factors, Biomarkers, Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Vascular Calcification Genesis and its Methods of Detection," Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research, Biomedical Research Network+, LLC, vol. 50(4), pages 41839-41859, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:abf:journl:v:50:y:2023:i:4:p:41839-41859
    DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2023.50.007982
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