Content
November 2018, Volume 26, Issue 6
- 624-646 Information asymmetries between parents and educators in German childcare institutions
by Georg F. Camehl & Pia S. Schober & C. Katharina Spiess - 647-661 Child labor in Mali: a consequence of adults’ low returns to education?
by Mathias Kuépié
September 2018, Volume 26, Issue 5
- 445-458 Returns to investment in education: a decennial review of the global literature
by George Psacharopoulos & Harry Anthony Patrinos - 459-487 Supplementary education, student development and education equity: evidence from primary schools in Beijing, China
by Jun Wang & Bo Li - 488-515 Does financial literacy increase students’ perceived value of schooling?
by Luca Maria Pesando - 516-533 Economies of scale and scope at public master's institutions: Evidence accounting for spatial interdependency
by Adriana Vamosiu & Kevin McClure & Marvin A. Titus - 534-556 Exploring regional and gender disparities in Beninese primary school attendance: a multilevel approach
by Kyle McNabb
July 2018, Volume 26, Issue 4
- 337-355 Do teaching practices impact socio-emotional skills?
by Václav Korbel & Michal Paulus - 356-372 Predicting school dropout with administrative data: new evidence from Guatemala and Honduras
by Melissa Adelman & Francisco Haimovich & Andres Ham & Emmanuel Vazquez - 373-392 Persistent inefficiency in the higher education sector: evidence from Germany
by Sabine Gralka - 393-410 Student loan debt, educational attainment, and tenure choice
by Joshua J. Miller & Silda Nikaj - 411-431 Labor market returns to college education with vocational qualifications
by Sylvi Rzepka - 432-443 Competitive equilibrium and informational asymmetry in the private higher education market
by Khang Do Ba & Hoa Quang Duong
May 2018, Volume 26, Issue 3
- 213-232 Procedures vs. incentives: the university promotion system in Italy
by Enrico Rettore & Lorenzo Rocco & Carlo Dal Maso - 233-252 Diverse friendship networks and heterogeneous peer effects on adolescent misbehaviors
by Yilan Xu & Linlin Fan - 253-265 How do ability peer effects operate? Evidence on one transmission channel
by David Kiss - 266-284 Student engagement in inclusive classrooms
by Beatrice Schindler Rangvid - 285-304 Remoteness equals backwardness? Human capital and market access in the European regions: insights from the long run
by Claude Diebolt & Ralph Hippe - 305-320 Human capital accumulation of children in Cameroon: does disability really matter?
by Arlette Simo Fotso & Anne Solaz & Mbaye Diene & Roger Tsafack Nanfosso - 321-336 The effects of a high school curriculum reform on university enrollment and the choice of college major
by Katja Görlitz & Christina Gravert
March 2018, Volume 26, Issue 2
- 109-128 Rising school attendance in rural India: an evaluation of the effects of major educational reforms
by Nabanita Datta Gupta & Amaresh Dubey & Marianne Simonsen - 129-144 Do school budgets matter? The effect of budget referenda on student dropout rates
by Kyung-Gon Lee & Solomon W. Polachek - 145-160 Children left behind: self-confidence of pupils in competitive environments
by Miroslava Federičová & Filip Pertold & Michael L. Smith - 161-178 Analysing the preferences of prospective students for higher education institution attributes
by Sharon Walsh & Darragh Flannery & John Cullinan - 179-193 Do streaks matter in multiple-choice tests?
by Hubert János Kiss & Adrienn Selei - 194-212 Ethnic favoritism in primary education in Kenya: effects of coethnicity with the president
by Jia Li
January 2018, Volume 26, Issue 1
- 1-3 Editorial
by Colin Green - 4-23 The teacher labour market, teacher turnover and disadvantaged schools: new evidence for England
by Rebecca Allen & Simon Burgess & Jennifer Mayo - 24-45 The role of high-school duration for university students' motivation, abilities and achievements
by Tobias Meyer & Stephan L. Thomsen - 46-61 Has complementarity between employer-sponsored training and education in the U.S. changed during the 2000s?
by C. Jeffrey Waddoups - 62-77 The academic impact of natural disasters: evidence from L’Aquila earthquake
by Giorgio Di Pietro - 78-92 An empirical investigation of the financial value of a college degree
by Bento J. Lobo & Lisa A. Burke-Smalley - 93-108 The incidence of the tuition-free high school program in Japan
by Masahiro Hori & Satoshi Shimizutani
November 2017, Volume 25, Issue 6
- 1-1 Editorial Board
by The Editors - 543-553 Disability discrimination in higher education: analyzing the quality of counseling services
by Eva Deuchert & Lukas Kauer & Helge Liebert & Carl Wuppermann - 554-561 The heterogeneous impacts of business cycles on educational attainment
by Ernest Boffy-Ramirez - 562-574 Does autonomy over teacher hiring affect student math and science achievement?
by Youngran Kim - 575-589 Impacts of playing after school on academic performance: a propensity score matching approach
by Yajuan Li & Marco A. Palma & Zhicheng Phil Xu - 590-618 Does teacher certification program lead to better quality teachers? Evidence from Indonesia
by Prita Nurmalia Kusumawardhani - 619-639 The dynamics of study-work choice and its effect on intended and actual university attainment
by Xiaodong Gong - 640-658 Updating higher education expectations and choices with learning
by Joniada Milla
September 2017, Volume 25, Issue 5
- 433-445 The more, the better? The impact of instructional time on student performance
by Maria A. Cattaneo & Chantal Oggenfuss & Stefan C. Wolter - 446-461 Do limited English students jeopardize the education of other students? Lessons from the North Carolina public school system
by Timothy M. Diette & Ruth Uwaifo Oyelere - 462-481 Immigrants’ educational mismatch and the penalty of over-education
by Eleni Kalfa & Matloob Piracha - 482-500 Secondary school fee inflation: an analysis of private high schools in Victoria, Australia
by Jenny Lye & Joe Hirschberg - 501-512 Short vs. long: cognitive load, retention and changing class structures
by Brandon Sheridan & Ben Smith & Erin Pleggenkuhle-Miles - 513-532 Determinants of students' success at university
by Kamila Danilowicz-Gösele & Katharina Lerche & Johannes Meya & Robert Schwager - 533-541 Credit where credit is due: an approach to education returns based on Shapley values
by Bilal Barakat & Jesus Crespo Cuaresma
July 2017, Volume 25, Issue 4
- 323-346 Left behind by birth month
by Ingeborg Foldøy Solli - 347-365 Educational mismatch and retirement
by Keith A. Bender & John S. Heywood - 366-378 Personality and field of study choice in university
by Martin Humburg - 379-393 Cost spreading in college athletic spending in the United States: estimates and implications
by Jody W. Lipford & Jerry K. Slice - 394-405 Does ‘compulsory volunteering’ affect subsequent behavior? Evidence from a natural experiment in Canada
by Wei Yang - 406-417 Attrition and retention of apprentices: an exploration of event history data using a multi-state modelling framework
by John Mangan & Bernard Trendle - 418-432 The treatment effect of grade repetitions
by Mohamed-Badrane Mahjoub
May 2017, Volume 25, Issue 3
- 219-233 Could trends in time children spend with parents help explain the black–white gap in human capital? Evidence from the American Time Use Survey
by Richard W. Patterson - 234-250 Do high school STEM courses prepare non-college bound youth for jobs in the STEM economy?
by Robert Bozick & Sinduja Srinivasan & Michael Gottfried - 251-265 Comparing standard deviation effects across contexts
by Ben Ost & Anuj Gangopadhyaya & Jeffrey C. Schiman - 266-289 Participation in lifelong learning in Portugal and the UK
by Hilary Ingham & Mike Ingham & José Adelino Afonso - 290-303 Can ethnic diversity have a positive effect on school achievement?
by Virginia Maestri - 304-322 A comparison of financial literacy between native and immigrant school students
by Iulian Gramațki
March 2017, Volume 25, Issue 2
- 127-141 Student assessment and grade retention: evidence from a natural experiment
by Marlies Kornfeld & Carsten Ochsen - 142-157 Estimating the impact of private tutoring on academic performance: primary students in Sri Lanka
by Rachel Cole - 158-182 Location decisions of charter schools: an examination of Michigan
by Kyle Koller & David M. Welsch - 183-204 An analysis of gender differences in household education expenditure: the case of Thailand
by Sasiwooth Wongmonta & Paul Glewwe - 205-218 Determinants of demand for private supplementary tutoring in China: findings from a national survey
by Junyan Liu & Mark Bray
January 2017, Volume 25, Issue 1
- 1-2 Editorial
by Colin Green & Torberg Falch & John Heywood - 3-21 It takes two shining lights to brighten the room: peer effects with random roommate assignments
by Liang Zhang & Shi Pu - 22-44 Institutions, social norms, and educational attainment
by Crystal Zhan - 45-59 Does high school homework increase academic achievement?
by Charlene Marie Kalenkoski & Sabrina Wulff Pabilonia - 60-83 Optimal admission to higher education
by Karsten Albæk - 84-111 Ethnic gaps in educational attainment and labor-market outcomes: evidence from France
by Gabin Langevin & David Masclet & Fabien Moizeau & Emmanuel Peterle - 112-126 Separating gender composition effects from peer effects in education
by Babak Jahanshahi
November 2016, Volume 24, Issue 6
- 557-572 The effects of delaying tracking in secondary school: evidence from the 1999 education reform in Poland
by Maciej Jakubowski & Harry Anthony Patrinos & Emilio Ernesto Porta & Jerzy Wiśniewski - 573-591 Student and graduate migration and its effect on the financing of higher education
by Tina Haussen & Silke Uebelmesser - 592-611 How do students react to longer instruction time? Evidence from Italy
by Elena Claudia Meroni & Giovanni Abbiati - 612-621 A student's dilemma: is there a trade-off between a higher salary or higher GPA
by Timothy M. Diette & Manu Raghav - 622-638 Heterogenous effects of sports participation on education and labor market outcomes
by Devon Gorry - 639-662 Who is overeducated and why? Probit and dynamic mixed multinomial logit analyses of vertical mismatch in East and West Germany
by Christina Boll & Julian Sebastian Leppin & Klaus Schömann
September 2016, Volume 24, Issue 5
- 445-464 The returns to quality in graduate education
by Adam Stevenson - 465-480 Impact of private secondary schooling on cognitive skills: evidence from India
by Mehtabul Azam & Geeta Kingdon & Kin Bing Wu - 481-495 Birth order and child cognitive outcomes: an exploration of the parental time mechanism
by Chiara Monfardini & Sarah Grace See - 496-510 Social background effects on school and job opportunities
by Alessandro Tampieri - 511-535 The universal provision of primary education: who benefits?
by Dongshu Ou - 536-556 An exploratory study of creativity, personality and schooling achievement
by Noémi Berlin & Jean-Louis Tavani & Maud Beasançon
August 2016, Volume 24, Issue 4
- 352-373 The influence of conditional cash transfers on eligible children and their siblings
by Jane Arnold Lincove & Adam Parker - 374-392 The structure and determinants of expected and actual starting salaries of higher education students in Germany: identical or different?
by Bernd Frick & Michael Maihaus - 393-410 Health, SES, and the timing of education among military retirees
by Ryan D. Edwards - 411-426 Effect of religious attendance on years of schooling in the USA
by Madhu S. Mohanty - 427-443 The impact of MBA programme attributes on post-MBA salaries
by Caroline Elliott & Kwok Tong Soo
June 2016, Volume 24, Issue 3
- 239-260 Gender and migration background in intergenerational educational mobility
by Alyssa Schneebaum & Bernhard Rumplmaier & Wilfried Altzinger - 261-279 Revisiting the complementarity between education and training -- the role of job tasks and firm effects
by Katja Görlitz & Marcus Tamm - 280-299 Training funds and the incidence of training: the case of Mauritius
by Oluyemisi Kuku & Peter F. Orazem & Sawkut Rojid & Milan Vodopivec - 300-311 Returns to education in Sri Lanka: a pseudo-panel approach
by Rozana Himaz & Harsha Aturupane - 312-328 Over-education and assortative matching in partnerships: a theoretical analysis
by Alessandro Tampieri - 329-351 Class size, school size and the size of the school network
by Tom Coupé & Anna Olefir & Juan Diego Alonso
April 2016, Volume 24, Issue 2
- 121-141 Improving the management style of school principals: results from a randomized trial
by Gérard Lassibille - 142-166 Body size at birth, physical development and cognitive outcomes in early childhood: evidence from the Longitudinal Survey of Australian Children
by Aydogan Ulker - 167-188 Closing the education gender gap: estimating the impact of girls' scholarship program in The Gambia
by Ousman Gajigo - 189-209 The causal effect of off-campus work on time to degree
by Andreas Behr & Katja Theune - 210-223 Mentoring in higher education: does it enhance mentees’ research productivity?
by Julia Muschallik & Kerstin Pull - 224-238 Are teacher assessments biased? -- evidence from Sweden
by Erica Lindahl
February 2016, Volume 24, Issue 1
- 1-2 Editorial
by Colin Green & Torberg Falch & John Heywood - 3-32 The economic case for education
by Ludger Woessmann - 33-57 Apprenticeship, vocational training, and early labor market outcomes -- evidence from East and West Germany
by Regina T. Riphahn & Michael Zibrowius - 58-82 Problem-based learning in secondary education: evaluation by an experiment
by Kristof De Witte & Nicky Rogge - 83-95 Do class size effects differ across grades?
by Anne Brink Nandrup - 96-120 Maids or mentors? The effects of live-in foreign domestic workers on children's educational achievement in Hong Kong
by Sam Hak Kan Tang & Linda Chor Wing Yung
December 2015, Volume 23, Issue 6
- 645-659 Heterogeneous trends in U.S. teacher quality 1980-2010
by Jeremiah Richey - 660-676 Discrimination against students with foreign backgrounds: evidence from grading in Swedish public high schools
by Bjorn Tyrefors Hinnerich & Erik H�glin & Magnus Johannesson - 677-692 Heaven knows I'm miserable now: overeducation and reduced life satisfaction
by Alan Piper - 693-712 Education and entrepreneurship in Canada: evidence from (repeated) cross-sectional data
by Oliver Masakure - 713-734 Marketing educational improvements via international partnerships under brain drain constraints
by Weslynne Ashton & Liad Wagman - 735-750 Examining the education gradient in chronic illness
by Pinka Chatterji & Heesoo Joo & Kajal Lahiri - 751-776 The effect of continuing education participation on outcomes of male and female agricultural workers in the USA
by Anita Alves Pena
October 2015, Volume 23, Issue 5
- 515-531 Rising aspirations dampen satisfaction
by Andrew E. Clark & Akiko Kamesaka & Teruyuki Tamura - 532-556 Socio-economic status and enrollment in higher education: do costs matter?
by Koen Declercq & Frank Verboven - 557-576 Does public sector control reduce variance in school quality?
by Lant Pritchett & Martina Viarengo - 577-595 Football to improve math and reading performance
by Chris Van Klaveren & Kristof De Witte - 596-611 The progressivity of public education in Greece: empirical findings and policy implications
by Christos Koutsampelas & Panos Tsakloglou - 612-630 Institutions, culture and background: the school performance of immigrant students
by Marina Murat & Patrizio Frederic - 631-644 Job search as a determinant of graduate over-education: evidence from Australia
by David Carroll & Massimiliano Tani
August 2015, Volume 23, Issue 4
- 376-395 Is there an educational penalty for being suspended from school?
by Deborah A. Cobb-Clark & Sonja C. Kassenboehmer & Trinh Le & Duncan McVicar & Rong Zhang - 396-418 The impact of institutional student support on graduation rates in US Ph.D. programmes
by Thomas Bolli & Tommaso Agasisti & Geraint Johnes - 419-432 Decomposing the impacts of overeducation and overskilling on earnings and job satisfaction: an analysis using REFLEX data
by Nuria S�nchez-S�nchez & Seamus McGuinness - 433-454 Choice of Ontario high schools and its impact on university applications
by Philip S.J. Leonard - 455-469 The intergenerational effect of parental education on child health: evidence from the UK
by Mary A. Silles - 470-480 Risky business: an analysis of teacher risk preferences
by Daniel H. Bowen & Stuart Buck & Cary Deck & Jonathan N. Mills & James V. Shuls - 481-513 Education, life expectancy and family bargaining: the Ben-Porath effect revisited
by Laura Leker & Gregory Ponthiere
June 2015, Volume 23, Issue 3
- 259-277 Revisiting fixed- and random-effects models: some considerations for policy-relevant education research
by Paul Clarke & Claire Crawford & Fiona Steele & Anna Vignoles - 278-295 Charter versus traditional public schools: a panel study of the technical efficiency in Ohio
by Joseph Palardy & Todd M. Nesbit & Kerry A. Adzima - 296-317 The effects of the introduction of Bachelor degrees on college enrollment and dropout rates
by Julia Horstschr�er & Maresa Sprietsma - 318-337 Loss aversion, education, and intergenerational mobility
by Liam C. Malloy - 338-357 Effects of professorial tenure on undergraduate ratings of teaching performance
by Dorothy A. Cheng - 358-375 A second chance at education for early school leavers
by Cain Polidano & Domenico Tabasso & Yi-Ping Tseng
April 2015, Volume 23, Issue 2
- 137-161 University rankings: do they matter in the UK?
by Stijn Broecke - 162-179 Do college students make better predictions of their future income than young adults in the labor force?
by John Jerrim - 180-198 Gender differences in numeracy in Indonesia: evidence from a longitudinal dataset
by Daniel Suryadarma - 199-212 Are grade expectations rational? A classroom experiment
by Belayet Hossain & Panagiotis Tsigaris - 213-237 The effect of family background, university quality and educational mismatch on wage: an analysis using a young cohort of Italian graduates
by Patrizia Ordine & Giuseppe Rose - 238-258 The impact of group diversity on class performance: evidence from college classrooms
by Zeynep Hansen & Hideo Owan & Jie Pan
February 2015, Volume 23, Issue 1
- 3-24 What are the causes of educational inequality and of its evolution over time in Europe? Evidence from PISA
by Veruska Oppedisano & Gilberto Turati - 25-46 Educational mismatch and spatial flexibility in Italian local labour markets
by Giuseppe Croce & Emanuela Ghignoni - 47-62 Public and private school performance in Nepal: an analysis using the SLC examination
by Amrit Thapa - 63-83 Overeducation and earnings in the Australian graduate labour market: an application of the Vahey model
by Ian W. Li & Paul W. Miller - 84-100 Returns to education: accounting for enrolment and completion effects
by Nicolas H�rault & Rezida Zakirova - 101-121 Rising student employment: the role of tuition fees
by Christine Neill - 122-136 Adult literacy, heterogeneity and returns to schooling in Chile
by Harry Anthony Patrinos & Chris Sakellariou
December 2014, Volume 22, Issue 6
- 549-568 Does anybody notice? On the impact of improved truancy reporting on school dropout
by Kristof De Witte & Marton Csillag - 569-588 Student loan reforms for German higher education: financing tuition fees
by Bruce Chapman & Mathias Sinning - 589-613 The credits that count: how credit growth and financial aid affect college tuition and fees
by Katharina Best & Jussi Keppo - 614-634 Tuition and the outcomes of community college attendance: simulations for academic-program and occupational-program students
by Andrew W. Nutting - 635-651 On the relationship between university education and economic growth: the role of professors' publication
by Jang C. Jin & Lawrence Jin - 652-666 Public subsidies, tuition, and public universities' choices of undergraduate acceptance and retention rates in the USA
by Joe Kerkvliet & Clifford Nowell
October 2014, Volume 22, Issue 5
- 427-448 School outcomes in New South Wales and Queensland: a regression discontinuity approach
by Paul W. Miller & Derby Voon - 449-470 Increasing returns to education and the impact on social capital
by Gareth D. Leeves - 471-483 Is earnings uncertainty relevant for educational choice? An empirical analysis for China
by Joop Hartog & Xiaohao Ding & Juan Liao - 484-510 The trade-off between child labour and schooling in India
by Anu Rammohan - 511-528 The impact of major-job mismatch on college graduates' early career earnings: evidence from China
by Rong Zhu - 529-548 Decentralisation and interregional redistribution in the Italian education system
by Irene Ferrari & Alberto Zanardi
August 2014, Volume 22, Issue 4
- 345-346 Editorial
by Colin Green & Giuseppe Migali - 347-366 Does private tutoring work? The effectiveness of private tutoring: a nonparametric bounds analysis
by Stefanie Hof - 367-388 School cheating and social capital
by Marco Paccagnella & Paolo Sestito - 389-411 An analysis of the impact of socio-economic disadvantage and school quality on the probability of school dropout
by S. Mahuteau & K. Mavromaras - 412-426 Class-size effects in secondary school
by Karl Fritjof Krassel & Eskil Heinesen
June 2014, Volume 22, Issue 3
- 237-256 Higher education structure and education outcomes: evidence from the USA
by Cory Koedel - 257-269 Overeducation and earnings within an occupation: controlling for occupational heterogeneity of nurses
by Stephen Rubb - 270-292 School entrance recommendation: a question of age or development?
by Julia Horstschr�er & Grit Muehler - 293-304 The anatomy of a likely donor: econometric evidence on philanthropy to higher education
by Christen Lara & Daniel Johnson - 305-327 Economic analysis of job-related attributes in undergraduate students' initial job selection
by Yanhong H. Jin & James W. Mjelde & Kerry K. Litzenberg - 328-344 Beyond the Mincer equation: the internal rate of return to higher education in Colombia
by Andr�s Felipe Garc�a-Suaza & Juan Carlos Guataqu� & Jos� Alberto Guerra & Dar�o Maldonado
April 2014, Volume 22, Issue 2
- 112-140 The effect of early noncognitive skills on social outcomes in adolescence
by Katja Coneus & Manfred Laucht - 141-165 Class size, class composition, and the distribution of student achievement
by Ryan Bosworth - 166-180 Integrated public education, fertility and human capital
by Leonid V. Azarnert - 181-208 Factors influencing the likelihood of overeducation: a bivariate probit with sample selection framework
by Stephen Rubb - 209-235 Literacy and numeracy skills and education sector reform: evidence from Ghana
by Niels-Hugo Blunch
February 2014, Volume 22, Issue 1
- 1-2 Editorial
by Steve Bradley & Colin Green - 3-23 How are teachers teaching? A nonparametric approach
by Kristof De Witte & Chris Van Klaveren - 24-47 Teacher placement, mobility, and occupational choices after teaching
by Li Feng - 48-72 Returns to pre-immigration education for non-western immigrants: why so low?
by In�s Hardoy & P�l Sch�ne - 73-89 Evaluating the 'threat' effects of grade repetition: exploiting the 2001 reform by the French-Speaking Community of Belgium
by Mich�le Belot & Vincent Vandenberghe - 90-111 Equality of school choice: a study applied to the Spanish region of Arag�n
by Mar�a Jesús Manceb�n-Torrubia & Domingo P�rez Xim�nez-de-Embún
December 2013, Volume 21, Issue 5
- 431-446 Measuring foundation school effectiveness using English administrative data, survey data and a regression discontinuity design
by Rebecca Allen - 447-463 Are immigrants and girls graded worse? Results of a matching approach
by David Kiss - 464-484 Contract teachers in India
by Sangeeta Goyal & Priyanka Pandey - 485-502 Are the educational credentials of immigrant and native-born workers perfect substitutes in Canadian labour markets? A production function analysis
by Ather H. Akbari & Yigit Aydede - 503-519 Head Start, 4 years after completing the program
by Young-Joo Kim - 520-544 The efficiency of Italian secondary schools and the potential role of competition: a data envelopment analysis using OECD-PISA2006 data
by Tommaso Agasisti
September 2013, Volume 21, Issue 4
- 305-324 Disadvantaged students in the early grades: will smaller classes help them?
by Jon Marius Vaag Iversen & Hans Bonesr�nning - 325-342 Does offering more science at school increase the supply of scientists?
by Stijn Broecke - 343-359 Gender gaps in mathematics, science and reading achievements in Muslim countries: a quantile regression approach
by M. Najeeb Shafiq - 360-379 The efficiency of public schools: the case of Kuwait
by Nadeem A. Burney & Jill Johnes & Mohammed Al-Enezi & Marwa Al-Musallam - 380-391 An economic analysis of instructional language
by Donald Lien & Yaqin Wang - 392-414 Private education provision and public finance: the Netherlands
by Harry Anthony Patrinos - 415-430 The interaction of publications and appointments: new evidence on academic economists in Germany
by Klaus Beckmann & Andrea Schneider
July 2013, Volume 21, Issue 3
- 211-212 Editorial
by Colin Green & Giuseppe Migali - 213-229 Increasing the admission rate to upper secondary school: the case of lower secondary school student career guidance
by Anders Hoest & Vibeke Myrup Jensen & Lisbeth Palmhoej Nielsen - 230-247 Explaining the socio-economic status school completion gap
by Cain Polidano & Barbara Hanel & Hielke Buddelmeyer