IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/zbw/zewdip/17041.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Patterns of entry and exit in the deregulated German interurban bus industry

Author

Listed:
  • Dürr, Niklas S.
  • Hüschelrath, Kai

Abstract

We study patterns of entry and exit in the German interurban bus industry in the first three years after its deregulation in January 2013. Using a comprehensive data set of all firm and route entries and exits, we find that the industry grew much quicker than originally expected - with particularly a few new entrants being most successful in quickly extending their route networks from regional to national coverage. Although the clear majority of routes is operated on a monopoly basis, competition does play a key role on routes with a sufficiently large base of (potential) customers. From a spatial perspective, three years after deregulation, the entire interurban bus network connects 60 percent of all 644 larger German cities - with the intensity of entry being dependent on the number of inhabitants, average income, the share of under 24 years old and the presence of intermodal competition by intercity railway services.

Suggested Citation

  • Dürr, Niklas S. & Hüschelrath, Kai, 2017. "Patterns of entry and exit in the deregulated German interurban bus industry," ZEW Discussion Papers 17-041, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:zewdip:17041
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/170582/1/1002242118.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    Other versions of this item:

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Walter, Matthias & Haunerland, Fabian & Moll, Robert, 2011. "Heavily regulated, but promising prospects: Entry in the German Express Coach Market," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 18(2), pages 373-381, March.
    2. Blayac, Thierry & Bougette, Patrice, 2017. "Should I go by bus? The liberalization of the long-distance bus industry in France," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 50-62.
    3. Sven Maertens, 2012. "Buslinienfernverkehr in Deutschland — effiziente Ausgestaltung einer Liberalisierung," Wirtschaftsdienst, Springer;ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 92(8), pages 554-562, August.
    4. Martin Schiefelbusch, 2013. "Past and Future Regulation of Interurban Coach Services in Germany," Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, University of Bath, vol. 47(2), pages 299-305, May.
    5. Severin Borenstein & Nancy L. Rose, 2007. "How Airline Markets Work...Or Do They? Regulatory Reform in the Airline Industry," NBER Working Papers 13452, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    6. Alfred E. Kahn, 1988. "The Economics of Regulation: Principles and Institutions," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 0262610523, December.
    7. White, Peter & Robbins, Derek, 2012. "Long-term development of express coach services in Britain," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 36(1), pages 30-38.
    8. Geroski, P. A., 1995. "What do we know about entry?," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 13(4), pages 421-440, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Brand, Christina & Sieg, Gernot, 2020. "The impact of delays on the welfare effects of on-track competition: The case of transfer passengers with operator-tied tickets," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    2. Thierry Blayac & Patrice Bougette, 2023. "What can be Expected from Mergers After Deregulation? The Case of the Long-Distance Bus Industry in France," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 62(1), pages 63-97, February.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Dürr, Niklas S. & Hüschelrath, Kai, 2016. "Deregulation and the determinants of entry: Evidence from the German interurban bus industry," ZEW Discussion Papers 16-054, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    2. Reynolds, Tim & White, Peter, 2022. "Forty years’ experience of deregulated express coach services in Britain," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    3. Beria, Paolo & Nistri, Dario & Laurino, Antonio, 2018. "Intercity coach liberalisation in Italy: Fares determinants in an evolving market," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 260-269.
    4. Dürr, Niklas S. & Heim, Sven & Hüschelrath, Kai, 2015. "Deregulation, competition, and consolidation: The case of the German interurban bus industry," ZEW Discussion Papers 15-061, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    5. Fageda, Xavier & Sansano, Sergi, 2018. "Factors influencing prices and frequencies in the interurban bus market: Evidence from Europe," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 266-276.
    6. Niklas S. Dürr & Sven Heim & Kai Hüschelrath, 2016. "Deregulation, Competition, and Consolidation: The Case of the German Interurban Bus Industry," Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, University of Bath, vol. 50(2), pages 164-16-188.
    7. Blayac, Thierry & Bougette, Patrice, 2017. "Should I go by bus? The liberalization of the long-distance bus industry in France," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 50-62.
    8. Brand, Christina & Sieg, Gernot, 2020. "The impact of delays on the welfare effects of on-track competition: The case of transfer passengers with operator-tied tickets," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    9. Aarhaug, Jørgen & Fearnley, Nils, 2016. "Deregulation of the Norwegian long distance express coach market," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 1-6.
    10. de Haas, Samuel & Herold, Daniel & Schäfer, Jan Thomas, 2022. "Entry deterrence due to brand proliferation: Empirical evidence from the German interurban bus industry," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    11. Hüschelrath, Kai & Müller, Kathrin, 2011. "Low cost carriers and the evolution of the US airline industry," ZEW Discussion Papers 11-051, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    12. Burgdorf, Christian & Eisenkopf, Alexander, 2018. "Effects of road tolls for intercity buses on travel activities and the choice of means of transport in German long-distance passenger transport," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 92-105.
    13. Van Acker, Veronique & Kessels, Roselinde & Palhazi Cuervo, Daniel & Lannoo, Steven & Witlox, Frank, 2020. "Preferences for long-distance coach transport: Evidence from a discrete choice experiment," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 759-779.
    14. Francisco J. Bahamonde-Birke & Uwe Kunert & Heike Link & Juan de Dios Ortúzar, 2014. "Liberalization of the Interurban Coach Market in Germany: Do Attitudes and Perceptions Drive the Choice between Rail and Coach?," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 1415, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
    15. Dürr, Niklas S. & Hüschelrath, Kai, 2015. "Competition in the German interurban bus industry: A snapshot two years after liberalization," ZEW Discussion Papers 15-062, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    16. Beria, Paolo & Bertolin, Alberto, 2019. "Evolving long-distance passenger services. Market concentration, fares and specialisation patterns in Italy," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 77-92.
    17. Aarhaug, Jørgen & Farstad, Eivind & Fearnley, Nils & Halse, Askill Harkjerr, 2018. "Express coaches: An up-hill battle after liberalization?," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 82-91.
    18. van de Velde, Didier, 2014. "Market initiative regimes in public transport in Europe: Recent developments," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 33-40.
    19. Joseph P. Schwieterman & Nicholas J. Klein & Alexander Levin, 2019. "Direct to your destination: the size, scope and competitive status of express coach carriers in the United States," Transportation, Springer, vol. 46(4), pages 1487-1504, August.
    20. Mizuta, Seiichiro, 2020. "Deregulation and competition in Japanese intercity coach industry," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 17-34.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    deregulation; interurban bus services; entry; exit; competition;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • L11 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure; Size Distribution of Firms
    • L41 - Industrial Organization - - Antitrust Issues and Policies - - - Monopolization; Horizontal Anticompetitive Practices
    • L43 - Industrial Organization - - Antitrust Issues and Policies - - - Legal Monopolies and Regulation or Deregulation
    • L92 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities - - - Railroads and Other Surface Transportation
    • K21 - Law and Economics - - Regulation and Business Law - - - Antitrust Law
    • K23 - Law and Economics - - Regulation and Business Law - - - Regulated Industries and Administrative Law

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:zbw:zewdip:17041. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/zemande.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.