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Ökonomische Strukturanpassungspolitik in Entwicklungsländern

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  • Hemmer, Hans-Rimbert
  • Marienburg, Holger

Abstract

Die wirtschaftliche Situation vieler Entwicklungsländer ist durch große makroökonomische Instabilitäten gekennzeichnet, die von binnen- und außenwirtschaftlichen Ungleichgewichten hervorgerufen werden. Intern sind es hohe Inflationsraten, Haushaltsdefizite und Arbeitslosenquoten. Extern prägen große Zahlungsbilanzdefizite die wirtschaftlichen Beziehungen zum Ausland. Aus marktwirtschaftlicher Sicht sind die Auslöser dieser Ungleichgewichte in der Regel strukturelle Verzerrungen der ordnungspolitischen Rahmenbedingungen sowie Art und Intensität staatlicher Intervention. Die durch die Verzerrungen ausgelösten Ungleichgewichte stellen große Hindernisse für das wirtschaftliche Wachstum und damit den gesamten wirtschaftlichen Entwicklungsprozess in diesen Volkswirtschaften dar. Um die Entwicklungsbarrieren zu beseitigen und dem Wachstumsprozess neue Schubkraft zu verleihen, werden Strukturanpassungsprogramme (SAP) initiiert. Die Definition des wirtschaftlichen Entwicklungsziels beinhaltet aber neben dem Wachstumsziel als weitere Teilziele noch das Verteilungs- und das Umweltziel. Von daher müssen bei der Gestaltung von SAP neben Wachstumsfragen auch soziale und Umweltaspekte berücksichtigt werden, wenn sie ihrer Aufgabe der Förderung des Entwicklungsprozesses in den jeweiligen Ländern gerecht werden wollen. Ziel dieses Diskussionspapiers ist neben einer allgemeinen Analyse von SAP die ausführliche Betrachtung ihrer Auswirkungen auf diese beiden Teile des ökonomischen Entwicklungsziels. Der weitere Gang der Ausarbeitung ist dabei in sechs Teile untergliedert. Nach den allgemeinen Erläuterungen zur Strukturanpassung wird der gegenwärtige Stand der Diskussion um die inhaltliche Gestaltung von SAP aufgearbeitet. Es folgt eine Analyse möglicher Probleme bei der Umsetzung von SAP. Danach werden die Armutswirkungen und die Umweltaspekte der Strukturanpassung explizit betrachtet, bevor im letzten Abschnitt noch kurz auf die Möglichkeit eines trade-off zwischen den sozialen und ökologischen Zielen eingegangen wird.

Suggested Citation

  • Hemmer, Hans-Rimbert & Marienburg, Holger, 2000. "Ökonomische Strukturanpassungspolitik in Entwicklungsländern," Discussion Papers in Development Economics 29, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Institute for Development Economics.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:jluide:29
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