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10 Jahre Schuldenbremse: Ein Konzept mit Zukunft?

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  • Hüther, Michael

Abstract

Aus historischer Perspektive war die Einführung der Schuldenbremse vor 10 Jahren begründet worden. Im Vergleich zu Anfang der 60er Jahre hatte sich die Schuldenstandquote trotz Konso-lidierungsbemühungen unaufhaltsam von rund 20 auf 80 Prozent mehr als vervierfacht. Zudem war aufgrund eines Zinses für Staatsanleihen oberhalb der Zuwachsrate des Bruttoinlandspro-dukts anzunehmen, dass öffentliche Kreditfinanzierung eine intergenerative Umverteilung zu-lasten künftiger Generationen zur Folge hatte. Auf den ersten Blick scheint diese Art der finanziellen Selbstbindung erfolgreich zu sein, denn die Schuldenstandquote näherte sich in den vergangenen Jahren der Maastricht-Grenze von 60 Prozent an. Ob die Schuldenbremse durch verstärkte Konsolidierungsbemühungen tatsächlich dazu beigetragen hat, ist jedoch fraglich, denn die Staatskonsumquote ist heute auf gleichem Niveau wie zu ihrer Einführung. Vielmehr erscheinen die sinkende Zinsenlast, ein Anstieg des realen Steueraufkommens je Einwohner sowie der beachtliche Beschäftigungsaufbau der letz-ten Jahre für fiskalische Spielräume gesorgt zu haben. Mit dem günstigen Zinsumfeld haben sich die Bedingungen für die öffentliche Verschuldung seit der Wirtschafts- und Finanzkrise 2009 grundlegend geändert. Eine intergenerative Umvertei-lung zulasten künftiger Generationen ist deshalb derzeit und absehbar nicht mehr gegeben. An-gesichts eines unübersehbar großen Investitionsbedarfs mindert die Schuldenbremse den poli-tischen Handlungsspielraum und entbehrt einer ökonomischen Grundlage. Im Sinne der "Gol-denen Regel der Finanzpolitik" sollte sie daher innovations- und wachstumspolitisch umgesetzt werden. Eine Möglichkeit hierzu bestünde in der Auslagerung kreditfinanzierter gesamtstaatlicher Inves-titionen in einen bundesstaatlichen Vermögenshaushalt. Zudem sollte eine bessere Finanzaus-stattung der Gemeinden den kommunalen Investitionsrückstand adressieren. Außerhalb der In-vestitionsausgaben bliebe es bei der Schuldenbremse, d.h. beim grundsätzlichen Verbot der Kreditfinanzierung mit konjunkturpolitisch symmetrischer Öffnung.

Suggested Citation

  • Hüther, Michael, 2019. "10 Jahre Schuldenbremse: Ein Konzept mit Zukunft?," IW policy papers 3/2019, Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft (IW) / German Economic Institute.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:iwkpps:32019
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • H54 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Infrastructures
    • H61 - Public Economics - - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt - - - Budget; Budget Systems
    • H63 - Public Economics - - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt - - - Debt; Debt Management; Sovereign Debt

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