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Wohlfahrtsmix, Wohlfahrtsregime und Arbeit in Lateinamerika

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  • Dombois, Rainer

Abstract

Die Formen von Arbeit und ihre Beiträge zur Wohlfahrt werden, wie die Diskussion zu Wohlfahrtsregimen aufgezeigt hat, von der Art des Zusammenspiels von Staat, Markt und Familie geprägt. Die Wohlfahrtsmixe in Lateinamerika sind von denen der entwickelten kapitalistischen Wohlfahrtsstaaten des globalen Nordens verschieden, nicht nur wegen des niedrigeren ökonomischen Entwicklungsniveaus und der begrenzten staatlichen Ressourcen. Auch tragen staatliche Sozialpolitiken kaum zur Umverteilung bei; institutionelle soziale Sicherungen und Dienstleistungen sind vergleichsweise rudimentär, lückenhaft und so-zial selektiv. Es bleibt Familien überlassen, sowohl Marktrisiken als auch den Mangel öffentlicher sozialer Sicherung und sozialer Dienstleistungen aufzufangen. Das Paper stellt neuere Typologien lateinamerikanischer Wohlfahrtsregime und ihre Implikationen für Arbeit - die Formen der Erwerbsarbeit und ihre Beziehungen zur familiären Betreuungs- und Versorgungsarbeit - zur Diskussion. Lateinamerikanische Staaten sind zwar eher 'truncated welfare states'. Die Typologien machen aber darauf aufmerksam, dass sie mit ihren je spezifischen wohlfahrtsstaatlichen Institutionen und Politiken dennoch beträchtlichen Einfluss auf die Strukturierung von Arbeit - so das Verhältnis von formeller und informeller Beschäftigung und Spektrum und Umfang von Familienarbeit - ausüben. Dabei zeigen sie aber große Unterschiede in den Wohlfahrtsmixen zwischen den Ländern. In den Schlussfolgerungen werden Defizite und Desiderate der Regimeforschung benannt. Sie beziehen sich einerseits auf die Vielfalt verschiedener, koexistierender Welfare-Mixe innerhalb der Länder, andererseits auf die differenzierten Rollen des Markts und der Familien - auch als unabhängige Variablen - in der Wohlfahrtsproduktion.

Suggested Citation

  • Dombois, Rainer, 2015. "Wohlfahrtsmix, Wohlfahrtsregime und Arbeit in Lateinamerika," Schriftenreihe Institut Arbeit und Wirtschaft 20/2015, Institut Arbeit und Wirtschaft (IAW), Universität Bremen und Arbeitnehmerkammer Bremen.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:iawsch:202015
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