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Soziale Erträge der FuE-Tätigkeit in Deutschland: Endbericht

Author

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  • Peters, Bettina
  • Licht, Georg
  • Crass, Dirk
  • Kladroba, Andreas

Abstract

Vielfach können sich forschende Unternehmen nicht sämtliche Erträge aus ihrer eigenen FuE-Tätigkeit aneignen, sondern von den Ergebnissen ihrer Innovationstätigkeit profitieren auch andere Unternehmen. Da Wissen den Charakter eines öffentlichen Gutes hat, können sich Dritte das Wissen unentgeltlich zu Nutze machen und für Imitation oder Weiterentwicklungen eigener neuer Produkte und Prozesse verwenden. Dieses unentgeltliche Transferieren von Wissen bezeichnet man auch als Wissensspillover. Die Existenz solcher Wissensspillovereffekte führt dazu, dass neben den direkten Erträge, die beim forschenden Unternehmen anfallen (private Erträge), es darüber hinausgehende indirekte Effekte (soziale Zusatzerträge) gibt. Die Summe aus beiden Erträgen wird als soziale Ertragsrate aus FuE-Tätigkeit bezeichnet. Können sich Unternehmen nicht sämtliche Erträge ihrer Forschungstätigkeit aneignen, dann investieren sie weniger in FuE als es aus gesamtwirtschaftlicher Sicht wünschenswert wäre. Daraus resultiert ein zentrales Argument für eine direkte oder indirekte Förderung von Forschungs- und Entwicklungstätigkeiten von Unternehmen seitens des Staates. Soziale Erträge aus FuE-Tätigkeit umfassen in der Fachliteratur nur ökonomische Erträge, die bei Unternehmen anfallen. Sie werden in der überwiegenden Mehrzahl aller Studien anhand der Produktivitätszuwächse der Unternehmen durch FuE-Aktivitäten gemessen. Die vorliegende Studie widmet sich der Frage nach der Höhe der privaten Erträge und sozialen Zusatzerträge aus der FuE-Tätigkeit der Unternehmen in Deutschland im Zeitraum 1991-2005. Ein Ziel dieser Studie ist es, die Ergebnisse mit denen einer Vorgängerstudie für den Zeitraum 1977-1989 zu vergleichen (vgl. Harhoff 2000) und damit festzustellen, inwieweit sich die Erträge aus FuE-Tätigkeit im Zeitablauf verändert haben. Darüber hinaus werden die Erträge aus FuE-Tätigkeit für eine Reihe von Unternehmensgruppen getrennt untersucht. Signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den Unternehmensgruppe bezüglicher ihrer Fähigkeit sich die Erträge aus FuE-Tätigkeit anzueignen, legen nahe, dass sich auch die Stärke der optimalen Förderimpulse unterscheiden sollte.

Suggested Citation

  • Peters, Bettina & Licht, Georg & Crass, Dirk & Kladroba, Andreas, 2009. "Soziale Erträge der FuE-Tätigkeit in Deutschland: Endbericht," Studien zum deutschen Innovationssystem 15-2009, Expertenkommission Forschung und Innovation (EFI) - Commission of Experts for Research and Innovation, Berlin.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:efisdi:152009
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    Cited by:

    1. Koehler, Mila, 2018. "Estimating the benefits of R&D subsidies for Germany," ZEW Discussion Papers 18-002, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    2. EFI - Commission of Experts for Research and Innovation (ed.), 2012. "Research, innovation and technological performance in Germany - EFI Report 2012," Reports on Research, Innovation and Technological Performance in Germany, Expertenkommission Forschung und Innovation (EFI) - Commission of Experts for Research and Innovation, Berlin, volume 127, number 2012e, March.

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