IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/zbw/ecoapn/38.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Ist Netzneutralität tatsächlich gut? Eine Neubewertung vor dem Hintergrund der Regulierung in den USA und in der EU sowie aktueller Forschungsergebnisse

Author

Listed:
  • Briglauer, Wolfgang
  • Stocker, Volker
  • Stockhammer, Paul

Abstract

Bereits im Jahre 2002 prägte der US-amerikanische Rechtswissenschaftler Tim Wu den Begriff der Netzneutralität und legte dabei den Grundstein für das Narrativ; dass explizite Verhaltensregeln für Anbieter von breitbandigen Internetzugangsdiensten (Internet Service Provider) unerlässlich seien, um das Ziel eines offenen und diskriminierungsfreien Internets zu erreichen (Wu, 2002, 2003). Damit verbunden war die Hoffnung, Netzneutralitätsregulierung würde Innovationen, also die Entwicklung neuer Internetdienste, fördern, was wiederum die Nachfrage der Verbraucher erhöhen und schlussendlich zu weiteren Investitionen in die Breitbandinfrastruktur führen würde. Dabei weisen die Netzneutralitätsregulierungen in den USA und der EU stark unterschiedliche Verläufe auf: In beiden Jurisdiktionen wurde im Jahr 2015 eine strenge Regulierung eingeführt. Im Jahr 2018 wurde das relativ strenge Regulierungsregime in den USA jedoch wieder aufgehoben, weshalb es sich seither fundamental von den nach wie vor in der EU geltenden strengen Regelungen unterscheidet. Da derzeit eine Revision der europäischen Netzneutralitätsrichtlinien ansteht, stellt sich die Frage nach dem richtigen Weg bzw. ob die aktuellen Netzneutralitätsregulierungen tatsächlich zielführend sind? Umfangreiche theoretische Forschungsergebnisse zeigen, dass strenge Netzneutralitätsregulierungen keinesfalls eindeutig positive Effekte aufweisen. Im Gegenteil: Der überwiegende Teil dieser Forschungen kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass solche Regulierungen negativ auf Investitionen wirken und die Verbraucherpreise tendenziell steigen lassen. So fallen ohne Netzneutralitätsregulierungen die Möglichkeiten und Anreize für Anbieter breitbandiger Internetzugangsdienste in neue Infrastrukturen zu investieren höher aus. Auch im Hinblick auf die gesamtwirtschaftlichen Effekte führt Netzneutralität zumeist zu Ineffizienzen und Wohlfahrtsverlusten. Aktuelle empirische Forschungsarbeiten bestätigen die negativen Auswirkungen der Netzneutralitätsregulierungen insbesondere in Hinblick auf Netzinvestitionen. Vor diesem Hintergrund muss die aktuelle Netzneutralitätsregulierung in der EU kritisch hinterfragt und angepasst werden. Die Forschungsergebnisse legen nahe, dass statt einer strikten Netzneutralitätsregulierung im Voraus (ex ante) Anbietern breitbandiger Internetzugangsdienste mehr Preis- und Qualitätsgestaltungsmöglichkeiten eingeräumt werden sollte. Dies sollte mit Sanktionsmöglichkeiten kombiniert werden, wenn Fälle missbräuchlicher Diskriminierung tatsächlich auftreten. Entsprechend ist zu hoffen, dass die Forschungsergebnisse in der aktuellen Revision der europäischen Netzneutralitätsrichtlinien in Sinne einer rationalitäts- und evidenzbasierten Regulierung Berücksichtigung finden. Schließlich sei darauf hingewiesen, dass die Netzneutralitätsregulierungen auch für mobiles Internet gelten, obwohl sich der größte Teil der Forschungsarbeiten bislang auf leitungsgebundene Netzwerkinfrastrukturen konzentriert hat Insbesondere der derzeitige Rollout von SG-Mobilfunknetzen erfordert eine Neuausrichtung des bestehenden Netzneutralitätsparadigmas.

Suggested Citation

  • Briglauer, Wolfgang & Stocker, Volker & Stockhammer, Paul, 2019. "Ist Netzneutralität tatsächlich gut? Eine Neubewertung vor dem Hintergrund der Regulierung in den USA und in der EU sowie aktueller Forschungsergebnisse," Policy Notes 38, EcoAustria – Institute for Economic Research.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:ecoapn:38
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/227418/1/ecoaustria-pn38.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Marc Bourreau & Frago Kourandi & Tommaso Valletti, 2015. "Net Neutrality with Competing Internet Platforms," Journal of Industrial Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 63(1), pages 30-73, March.
    2. Krämer, Jan & Peitz, Martin, 2018. "A fresh look at zero-rating," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 42(7), pages 501-513.
    3. Briglauer, Wolfgang & Cambini, Carlo & Grajek, Michał, 2018. "Speeding up the internet: Regulation and investment in the European fiber optic infrastructure," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 613-652.
    4. Hazlett Thomas W. & Caliskan Anil, 2008. "Natural Experiments in U.S. Broadband Regulation," Review of Network Economics, De Gruyter, vol. 7(4), pages 1-21, December.
    5. Hsing Kenneth Cheng & Subhajyoti Bandyopadhyay & Hong Guo, 2011. "The Debate on Net Neutrality: A Policy Perspective," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 22(1), pages 60-82, March.
    6. Lee, Daeho & Kim, Yong-Hwa, 2014. "Empirical evidence of network neutrality – The incentives for discrimination," Information Economics and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 1-9.
    7. Hong Guo & Robert F. Easley, 2016. "Network Neutrality Versus Paid Prioritization: Analyzing the Impact on Content Innovation," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 25(7), pages 1261-1273, July.
    8. Shane Greenstein & Martin Peitz & Tommaso Valletti, 2016. "Net Neutrality: A Fast Lane to Understanding the Trade-Offs," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 30(2), pages 127-150, Spring.
    9. Cambini, Carlo & Jiang, Yanyan, 0. "Broadband investment and regulation: A literature review," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 33(10-11), pages 559-574, November.
    10. Briglauer, Wolfgang & Cambini, Carlo & Fetzer, Thomas & Hüschelrath, Kai, 2017. "The European Electronic Communications Code: A critical appraisal with a focus on incentivizing investment in next generation broadband networks," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 41(10), pages 948-961.
    11. Jan Krämer & Lukas Wiewiorra, 2012. "Network Neutrality and Congestion Sensitive Content Providers: Implications for Content Variety, Broadband Investment, and Regulation," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 23(4), pages 1303-1321, December.
    12. Vogelsang Ingo, 2018. "Net Neutrality Regulation: Much Ado about Nothing?," Review of Network Economics, De Gruyter, vol. 17(3), pages 225-243, September.
    13. Peitz, Martin & Schuett, Florian, 2016. "Net neutrality and inflation of traffic," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 16-62.
    14. Jay Pil Choi & Byung‐Cheol Kim, 2010. "Net neutrality and investment incentives," RAND Journal of Economics, RAND Corporation, vol. 41(3), pages 446-471, September.
    15. Barbara van Schewick, 2016. "Internet architecture and innovation in applications," Chapters, in: Johannes M. Bauer & Michael Latzer (ed.), Handbook on the Economics of the Internet, chapter 14, pages 288-322, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    16. Christiaan Hogendorn, 2007. "Broadband Internet: net neutrality versus open access," International Economics and Economic Policy, Springer, vol. 4(2), pages 185-208, August.
    17. Economides, Nicholas & Tåg, Joacim, 2012. "Network neutrality on the Internet: A two-sided market analysis," Information Economics and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 24(2), pages 91-104.
    18. Stocker, Volker & Smaragdakis, Georgios & Lehr, William & Bauer, Steven, 2017. "The growing complexity of content delivery networks: Challenges and implications for the Internet ecosystem," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 41(10), pages 1003-1016.
    19. Nicholas Economides & Benjamin E. Hermalin, 2012. "The economics of network neutrality," RAND Journal of Economics, RAND Corporation, vol. 43(4), pages 602-629, December.
    20. Jean‐Charles Rochet & Jean Tirole, 2006. "Two‐sided markets: a progress report," RAND Journal of Economics, RAND Corporation, vol. 37(3), pages 645-667, September.
    21. Reggiani, Carlo & Valletti, Tommaso, 2016. "Net neutrality and innovation at the core and at the edge," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 16-27.
    22. Dewenter, Ralf & Jaschinski, Thomas & Wiese, Nadine, 2009. "Wettbewerbliche Auswirkungen eines nichtneutralen Internets," Ilmenau Economics Discussion Papers 64, Ilmenau University of Technology, Institute of Economics.
    23. Bauer, Johannes M. & Knieps, Günter, 2018. "Complementary innovation and network neutrality," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 42(2), pages 172-183.
    24. Bauer, Johannes M., 2005. "Unbundling Policy in the United States Players, Outcomes and Effects," MPRA Paper 2455, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    25. Schuett Florian, 2010. "Network Neutrality: A Survey of the Economic Literature," Review of Network Economics, De Gruyter, vol. 9(2), pages 1-15, June.
    26. Musacchio John & Schwartz Galina & Walrand Jean, 2009. "A Two-Sided Market Analysis of Provider Investment Incentives with an Application to the Net-Neutrality Issue," Review of Network Economics, De Gruyter, vol. 8(1), pages 1-18, March.
    27. George S. Ford, 2018. "Regulation and investment in the U.S. telecommunications industry," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 50(56), pages 6073-6084, December.
    28. Ulrike Berger-Kögler & Jörn Kruse, 2011. "Net neutrality regulation of the internet?," International Journal of Management and Network Economics, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 2(1), pages 3-23.
    29. Krämer, Jan & Wiewiorra, Lukas & Weinhardt, Christof, 2013. "Net neutrality: A progress report," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(9), pages 794-813.
    30. Hermalin, Benjamin E. & Katz, Michael L., 2007. "The economics of product-line restrictions with an application to the network neutrality debate," Information Economics and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 19(2), pages 215-248, June.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Gautier, Axel & Somogyi, Robert, 2020. "Prioritization vs zero-rating: Discrimination on the internet," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    2. Vogelsang Ingo, 2013. "The Endgame of Telecommunications Policy? A Survey," Review of Economics, De Gruyter, vol. 64(3), pages 193-270, December.
    3. Calzada, Joan & Tselekounis, Markos, 2018. "Net Neutrality in a hyperlinked Internet economy," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 190-221.
    4. Wolfgang Briglauer & Carlo Cambini & Klaus Gugler & Volker Stocker, 2023. "Net neutrality and high-speed broadband networks: evidence from OECD countries," European Journal of Law and Economics, Springer, vol. 55(3), pages 533-571, June.
    5. Reggiani, Carlo & Valletti, Tommaso, 2016. "Net neutrality and innovation at the core and at the edge," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 16-27.
    6. Robert F. Easley & Hong Guo & Jan Krämer, 2018. "Research Commentary—From Net Neutrality to Data Neutrality: A Techno-Economic Framework and Research Agenda," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 29(2), pages 253-272, June.
    7. Edmond Baranes & Cuong Hung Vuong, 2022. "Investment in quality upgrade and regulation of the internet," Journal of Regulatory Economics, Springer, vol. 61(1), pages 1-31, February.
    8. Frago Kourandi & Jan Krämer & Tommaso Valletti, 2015. "Net Neutrality, Exclusivity Contracts, and Internet Fragmentation," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 26(2), pages 320-338, June.
    9. Armando J. Garcia Pires, 2021. "Net neutrality and content provision," Manchester School, University of Manchester, vol. 89(6), pages 569-593, December.
    10. Lorenzon, Emmanuel, 2022. "Zero-rating, content quality, and network capacity," Information Economics and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 58(C).
    11. Jullien, Bruno & Sand-Zantman, Wilfried, 2018. "Internet regulation, two-sided pricing, and sponsored data," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 31-62.
    12. Bauer, Johannes M. & Knieps, Günter, 2018. "Complementary innovation and network neutrality," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 42(2), pages 172-183.
    13. Emmanuel LORENZON, 2020. "Zero Rating, Content Quality and Network Capacity," Bordeaux Economics Working Papers 2020-21, Bordeaux School of Economics (BSE).
    14. Briglauer, Wolfgang & Cambini, Carlo & Gugler, Klaus & Stocker, Volker, 2021. "Net Neutrality and High Speed Broadband Networks: Evidence from OECD Countries," 23rd ITS Biennial Conference, Online Conference / Gothenburg 2021. Digital societies and industrial transformations: Policies, markets, and technologies in a post-Covid world 238012, International Telecommunications Society (ITS).
    15. D'Annunzio, Anna & Russo, Antonio, 2015. "Net Neutrality and internet fragmentation: The role of online advertising," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 30-47.
    16. Alexei A. Gaivoronski & Per Jonny Nesse & Olai Bendik Erdal, 2017. "Internet service provision and content services: paid peering and competition between internet providers," Netnomics, Springer, vol. 18(1), pages 43-79, May.
    17. Liu Xingyi, 2016. "Fear of Discrimination: Net Neutrality and Product Differentiation on the Internet," Review of Network Economics, De Gruyter, vol. 15(4), pages 211-247, December.
    18. Njoroge Paul & Ozdaglar Asuman & Stier-Moses Nicolás E. & Weintraub Gabriel Y., 2014. "Investment in Two-Sided Markets and the Net Neutrality Debate," Review of Network Economics, De Gruyter, vol. 12(4), pages 355-402, February.
    19. Marc Bourreau & Romain Lestage, 2019. "Net neutrality and asymmetric platform competition," Journal of Regulatory Economics, Springer, vol. 55(2), pages 140-171, April.
    20. Edmond Baranes & Cuong Hung Vuong, 2020. "Investment in Quality Upgrade and Regulation of the Internet," CESifo Working Paper Series 8074, CESifo.

    More about this item

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:zbw:ecoapn:38. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/ecoauat.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.